An anaerobic enrichment with CO from sediments of hypersaline soda lakes resulted in a methane-forming binary culture, whereby CO was utilized by a bacterium and not the methanogenic partner. The bacterial isolate ANCO1 forms a deep-branching phylogenetic lineage at the level of a new family within the class ‘Natranaerobiia’. It is an extreme haloalkaliphilic and moderate thermophilic acetogen utilizing CO, formate, pyruvate and lactate as electron donors and thiosulfate, nitrate (reduced to ammonia) and fumarate as electron acceptors. The genome of ANCO1 encodes a full Wood–Ljungdahl pathway allowing for CO oxidation and acetogenic conversion of pyruvate. A locus encoding Nap nitrate reductase/NrfA ammonifying nitrite reductase is also present. Thiosulfate respiration is encoded by a Phs/Psr-like operon. The organism obviously relies on Na-based bioenergetics, since the genome encodes for the Na⁺-Rnf complex, Na⁺-F1F0 ATPase and Na⁺-translocating decarboxylase. Glycine betaine serves as a compatible solute. ANCO1 has an unusual membrane polar lipid composition dominated by diethers, more common among archaea, probably a result of adaptation to multiple extremophilic conditions. Overall, ANCO1 represents a unique example of a triple extremophilic CO-oxidizing anaerobe and is classified as a novel genus and species Natranaerofaba carboxydovora in a novel family Natranaerofabacea.

中文翻译：

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Natranaerofaba carboxydvora gen。十一月，sp。11 月，一种来自高盐碱湖的极度嗜碱的 CO-利用乙酸原，代表了“Natranaerobiia”类中的一个新的深层系统发育谱系

来自高盐碱湖沉积物的 CO 厌氧富集导致形成甲烷的二元培养物，其中 CO 被细菌而不是产甲烷伙伴利用。细菌分离株 ANCO1 在 ' Natranaerobiia类内的一个新家族水平上形成了一个深分支的系统发育谱系'。它是一种极端的嗜碱和温和的嗜热产乙酸，利用 CO、甲酸盐、丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐作为电子供体，硫代硫酸盐、硝酸盐（还原为氨）和富马酸盐作为电子受体。ANCO1 的基因组编码完整的 Wood-Ljungdahl 通路，允许 CO 氧化和丙酮酸的产乙酸转化。还存在编码 Nap 硝酸还原酶/NrfA 氨化亚硝酸还原酶的基因座。硫代硫酸盐呼吸由 Phs/Psr 样操纵子编码。该生物体显然依赖于基于 Na 的生物能学，因为基因组编码 Na ⁺ -Rnf 复合物、Na ⁺ -F1F0 ATPase 和 Na ⁺-易位脱羧酶。甘氨酸甜菜碱用作相容的溶质。ANCO1 具有不寻常的膜极性脂质成分，以二醚为主，在古细菌中更常见，可能是适应多种极端条件的结果。总体而言，ANCO1表示三重极端型CO-氧化厌氧菌的唯一例子，并且被分类为一种新颖的属和种Natranaerofaba carboxydovora在新家族Natranaerofabacea。