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Broader phenology of pollinator activity and higher plant reproductive success in an urban habitat compared to a rural one
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6794 Vincent Zaninotto 1, 2 , Xavier Raynaud 1 , Emmanuel Gendreau 1 , Yvan Kraepiel 1 , Eric Motard 1 , Olivier Babiar 3 , Amandine Hansart 4 , Cécile Hignard 3 , Isabelle Dajoz 1
中文翻译：
与农村相比，城市栖息地的传粉媒介活动物候范围更广，植物繁殖成功率更高
更新日期：2020-10-29
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6794 Vincent Zaninotto 1, 2 , Xavier Raynaud 1 , Emmanuel Gendreau 1 , Yvan Kraepiel 1 , Eric Motard 1 , Olivier Babiar 3 , Amandine Hansart 4 , Cécile Hignard 3 , Isabelle Dajoz 1
Affiliation
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- Urban habitat characteristics create environmental filtering of pollinator communities. They also impact pollinating insect phenology through the presence of an urban heat island and the year‐round availability of floral resources provided by ornamental plants.
- Here, we monitored the phenology and composition of pollinating insect communities visiting replicates of an experimental plant assemblage comprising two species, with contrasting floral traits: Sinapis alba and Lotus corniculatus, whose flowering periods were artificially extended. Plant assemblage replicates were set up over two consecutive years in two different habitats: rural and densely urbanized, within the same biogeographical region (Ile‐de‐France region, France).
- The phenology of pollination activity, recorded from the beginning (early March) to the end (early November) of the season, differed between these two habitats. Several pollinator morphogroups (small wild bees, bumblebees, honeybees) were significantly more active on our plant sets in the urban habitat compared to the rural one, especially in early spring and autumn. This resulted in different overall reproductive success of the plant assemblage between the two habitats. Over the course of the season, reproductive success of S. alba was always significantly higher in the urban habitat, while reproductive success of L. corniculatus was significantly higher in the urban habitat only during early flowering.
- These findings suggest different phenological adaptations to the urban habitat for different groups of pollinators. Overall, results indicate that the broadened activity period of pollinating insects recorded in the urban environment could enhance the pollination function and the reproductive success of plant communities in cities.
中文翻译：
与农村相比，城市栖息地的传粉媒介活动物候范围更广，植物繁殖成功率更高
城市栖息地特征造成传粉昆虫群落的环境过滤。它们还通过城市热岛的存在和观赏植物提供的花卉资源的全年可用性影响授粉昆虫物候。
在这里，我们监测了授粉昆虫群落的物候和组成，访问了由两个物种组成的实验植物组合的复制品，具有对比的花性状：白芥子和百脉根，其花期被人为延长。连续两年在同一生物地理区域（法国法兰西岛地区）的两个不同栖息地：农村和人口稠密的城市化地区建立了植物组合复制品。
从季节开始（三月初）到季节结束（十一月初）记录的授粉活动物候在这两个栖息地之间有所不同。与农村植物群相比，城市栖息地植物群中的几种授粉昆虫形态类群（小野蜂、大黄蜂、蜜蜂）明显更加活跃，尤其是在早春和秋季。这导致两个栖息地之间植物群落的总体繁殖成功率不同。在整个季节中， S. alba在城市栖息地的繁殖成功率始终显着较高，而L. corniculatus仅在开花早期在城市栖息地的繁殖成功率显着较高。
这些发现表明不同群体的传粉者对城市栖息地有不同的物候适应。总体而言，结果表明，城市环境中记录的授粉昆虫活动期的延长可以增强城市植物群落的授粉功能和繁殖成功率。
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