Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Mater Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications.,Advanced Materials

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Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Mater Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications.
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002932
Zhou Liu ₁ , Wen Zhou ₁ , Cheng Qi ₂ , Tiantian Kong ₃

Affiliation

Synthetic cells have a major role in gaining insight into the complex biological processes of living cells; they also give rise to a range of emerging applications from gene delivery to enzymatic nanoreactors. Living cells rely on compartmentalization to orchestrate reaction networks for specialized and coordinated functions. Principally, the compartmentalization has been an essential engineering theme in constructing cell‐mimicking systems. Here, efforts to engineer liquid–liquid interfaces of multiphase systems into membrane‐bounded and membraneless compartments, which include lipid vesicles, polymer vesicles, colloidosomes, hybrids, and coacervate droplets, are summarized. Examples are provided of how these compartments are designed to imitate biological behaviors or machinery, including molecule trafficking, growth, fusion, energy conversion, intercellular communication, and adaptivity. Subsequently, the state‐of‐art applications of these cell‐inspired synthetic compartments are discussed. Apart from being simplified and cell models for bridging the gap between nonliving matter and cellular life, synthetic compartments also are utilized as intracellular delivery vehicles for nuclei acids and nanoreactors for biochemical synthesis. Finally, key challenges and future directions for achieving the full potential of synthetic cells are highlighted.

中文翻译：

多相系统中面向合成细胞和细胞器的界面工程：从软材料基础到生物医学应用。

合成细胞在深入了解活细胞的复杂生物过程中起着重要作用。它们还引起了从基因传递到酶促纳米反应器等一系列新兴应用。活细胞依靠区室化来协调反应网络以实现专门的协调功能。原则上，分隔是构建模拟细胞系统中必不可少的工程主题。在此，总结了将多相系统的液-液界面工程化为膜结合和无膜隔室的工作，其中包括脂质囊泡，聚合物囊泡，胶体，杂交体和凝聚小滴。提供了有关如何将这些隔室设计为模仿生物学行为或机制的示例，包括分子运输，生长，融合，能量转换，细胞间通讯和适应性。随后，讨论了这些细胞启发性合成隔室的最新应用。除了简化和弥合非生命物质与细胞生命之间的鸿沟的细胞模型外，合成隔室还用作核酸的细胞内递送载体和生物化学合成的纳米反应器。最后，重点介绍了实现合成细胞全部潜力的关键挑战和未来方向。合成隔室还用作核酸的细胞内递送载体和用于生化合成的纳米反应器。最后，重点介绍了实现合成细胞全部潜力的关键挑战和未来方向。合成隔室还用作核酸的细胞内递送载体和用于生化合成的纳米反应器。最后，重点介绍了实现合成细胞全部潜力的关键挑战和未来方向。

更新日期：2020-10-26

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