INTRODUCTION Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) are characterized by generalized interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on a normal background electroencephalography (EEG). However, the yield of IEDs can be low. Approximately 20% of patients with IGE fail to achieve seizure control with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Currently, there are no reliable prognostic markers for early identification of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We examined spectral power of the interictal EEG in patients with IGE and healthy controls, to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of IGE. METHODS A 64-channel EEG was recorded under standard conditions in patients with well-controlled IGE (WC-IGE, n = 19), drug-resistant IGE (DR-IGE, n = 18), and age-matched controls (n = 20). After preprocessing, fast Fourier transform was performed to obtain 1D frequency spectra for each EEG channel. The 1D spectra (averaged over channels) and 2D topographic maps (averaged over canonical frequency bands) were computed for each participant. Power spectra in the 3 cohorts were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and power spectra images were compared using T-contrast tests. A post hoc analysis compared peak alpha power between the groups. RESULTS Compared with controls, participants with IGE had higher interictal EEG spectral power in the delta band in the midline central region, in the theta band in the midline, in the beta band over the left hemisphere, and in the gamma band over right hemisphere and left central regions. There were no differences in spectral power between cohorts with WC-IGE and DR-IGE. Peak alpha power was lower in WC-IGE and DR-IGE than controls. CONCLUSIONS Electroencephalography spectral power analysis could form part of a clinically useful diagnostic biomarker for IGE; however, it did not correlate with response to AED in this study.

中文翻译：

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发作间期脑电图在特发性全身性癫痫诊断和预后中的频谱功率

引言 特发性全身性癫痫 (IGE) 的特征在于正常背景脑电图 (EEG) 上的全身发作间期癫痫样放电 (IED)。然而，IED 的产量可能很低。大约 20% 的 IGE 患者无法通过抗癫痫药物 (AED) 治疗实现癫痫发作控制。目前，没有可靠的预后标志物可用于早期识别耐药性癫痫 (DRE)。我们检查了 IGE 患者和健康对照的发作间期 EEG 的频谱功率，以确定 IGE 的潜在诊断和预后生物标志物。方法 在标准条件下记录 IGE 控制良好（WC-IGE，n = 19）、耐药 IGE（DR-IGE，n = 18）和年龄匹配对照（n = 20)。预处理后，执行快速傅立叶变换以获得每个 EEG 通道的一维频谱。为每个参与者计算了 1D 光谱（通道平均）和 2D 地形图（规范频带的平均）。使用单向方差分析 (ANOVA) 比较 3 组中的功率谱，并使用 T 对比检验比较功率谱图像。事后分析比较了各组之间的峰值 alpha 功率。结果 与对照组相比，IGE 参与者在中线中央区域的 delta 波段、中线的 theta 波段、左半球的 β 波段和右半球的 γ 波段具有更高的发作间期脑电图谱功率。左中部地区。WC-IGE 和 DR-IGE 队列之间的光谱功率没有差异。WC-IGE 和 DR-IGE 中的峰值 alpha 功率低于对照。结论 脑电图谱功率分析可以成为 IGE 临床上有用的诊断生物标志物的一部分；然而，它与本研究中对 AED 的反应无关。