Much research on the use of nanomaterials in different applications is being conducted in areas such as water treatment, catalysis, oil processing, medicine, food, sensors, energy storage, building materials, constructions, and others. Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles with exceptional properties, but some nanoparticles and nanomaterials may exhibit harmful properties when leaked into the environment. Due to the lack of analytical methods for the detection and analysis of nanoparticles in complex matrices, not much is known about the potential risks associated with nanomaterials. Therefore, more knowledge is needed of the sampling and analysis of nanomaterials (NMs) as environmental contaminants. This review is undertaken to identify and assess key characteristics in potential sampling and analysis methods for identifying and quantifying the occurrence of NMs in numerous types of environmental media. To select suitable sampling and analysis methods, information on NM sources and transformation in environmental media is essential and thus is also discussed. This provides more information about the negative impacts of NMs on the environment. Challenges and future perspectives on the determination of NMs are also discussed.

在诸如水处理，催化，石油加工，医药，食品，传感器，能量存储，建筑材料，建筑等领域，正在进行有关在不同应用中使用纳米材料的大量研究。纳米颗粒是具有卓越性能的超小颗粒，但是某些纳米颗粒和纳米材料在泄漏到环境中时可能会显示有害特性。由于缺乏用于检测和分析复杂基质中纳米颗粒的分析方法，因此与纳米材料相关的潜在风险知之甚少。因此，需要更多的知识来采样和分析作为环境污染物的纳米材料（NMs）。进行此审查是为了识别和评估潜在的采样和分析方法中的关键特征，以识别和量化多种类型环境介质中NM的发生。为了选择合适的采样和分析方法，关于NM源和环境介质转化的信息至关重要，因此也进行了讨论。这提供了有关NM对环境的负面影响的更多信息。还讨论了确定NM的挑战和未来前景。