Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials (PCM) with diverse surface functionalities are recently described as efficient, heterogeneous, nonmetallic mediators or catalysts, and show excellent performances in the degradation of organic contaminants. Herein, surface functionalities considered to be responsible for the reactivity of PCM are overviewed. It is shown that chemical surface functionalities of PCM can mediate the production of reactive species from oxygen, peroxides, persulfate, ozone for contaminants elimination, including oxygen functionalities, nitrogen functionalities, sulfur functionalities, and persistent free radicals. The possible generation processes of various reactive species promoted or inhibited by surface functionalities and the underlying reaction mechanisms of the further organic transformations are also summarized. The reaction mechanisms of electron transfer, addition and hydrogen abstraction are established. Furthermore, the applications of PCM mediators in aquatic environment, soil and atmosphere are presented to highlight the bright application prospects, and future prospects for the organic contaminant degradation mediated via PCM are proposed.

具有多种表面功能的热解碳质材料（PCM）最近被描述为高效，多相，非金属的介体或催化剂，并且在降解有机污染物方面表现出出色的性能。在此，概述了被认为负责PCM反应性的表面功能。结果表明，PCM的化学表面功能可以介导氧气，过氧化物，过硫酸盐，臭氧中反应性物质的产生，以消除污染物，包括氧气功能，氮功能，硫功能和持久性自由基。还总结了由表面官能团促进或抑制的各种反应物种的可能生成过程，以及进一步有机转化的潜在反应机理。建立了电子转移，加成和夺氢的反应机理。此外，介绍了PCM介体在水环境，土壤和大气中的应用，以突出其光明的应用前景，并提出了通过PCM介导的有机污染物降解的未来前景。