Yellow fever (YF) surveillance in Brazil is focused mainly on the detection of epizootic events regarding New World non-human primates (NWNHP). We present a challenging case of a Callitrichidae (Callithrix spp) kept as a domiciliated pet that lived in the urban area of São Paulo municipality and was positive to YF virus by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After investigation, it was the first occurrence of non-autochthonous YF case of NWNHP described, with probable place of infection in the North shore of São Paulo state. This case illustrates the importance of coordinated laboratorial and field actions, and risks posed by transit of wildlife.

巴西的黄热病（YF）监视主要集中在发现与新世界非人类灵长类动物（NWNHP）有关的动物流行事件。我们提出了一个有挑战性的案例，即作为定居宠物的Callitrichidae（Callithrix spp）生活在圣保罗市区，并通过RT-qPCR和免疫组织化学对YF病毒呈阳性反应。经调查，这是所描述的首例非本地化的NWNHP YF病例，可能在圣保罗州北岸感染。这个案例说明了实验室和野外行动协调一致的重要性，以及野生动植物的转移带来的风险。