The advent of the twenty-first century marked a paradigm shift in the healthcare sector with coming of automated, sensitive, targeted medicines and technologies having diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic effects. Nanomedicines also attained wide acclamation in their initial years, but the transformation from being the proof of concept to successfully marketed products seems very daunting. Although the reason for this may be attributed to slow but incremental character of many present-day technologies, the review asserts that there are other significant facets that may purvey a thorough explanation of this scenario. The article elaborately discusses the hurdles hindering clinical translation of nanomedicines including scale-up challenges, in vitro in vivo cascade of toxicology assays, along with unrefined manufacturing guidelines, inadequate regulatory approvals, competitive conventional market, etc., leading to hesitant investments by pharmaceutical giants. The paper also explores the economic viability of nanobiotechnology sector through an empirical investigation of the revenue data of various pharmaceutical industries manufacturing nano-based drugs, which indicates minor commercial importance of these medicines. We also laid down a comprehensive set of recommendations to smoothen the translational pathway of nanomedicines from an idea to reality, efface the consumer distrust and push boundaries for development and launching of safe, efficient and commercially successful products.

二十一世纪的到来标志着医疗保健领域的范式转变，具有诊断、预防和治疗作用的自动化、灵敏、靶向药物和技术的出现。纳米药物在最初几年也获得了广泛好评，但从概念验证到成功上市产品的转变似乎非常艰巨。尽管其原因可能归因于许多当今技术缓慢但渐进的特征，但该评论断言还有其他重要方面可以对这种情况提供彻底的解释。文章详细讨论了阻碍纳米药物临床转化的障碍，包括放大挑战、体外体内毒理学检测级联、以及不完善的生产指南、监管审批不充分、竞争激烈的传统市场等，导致制药巨头投资犹豫不决。本文还通过对制造纳米药物的各个制药行业的收入数据进行实证调查，探讨了纳米生物技术领域的经济可行性，这表明这些药物的商业重要性较小。我们还制定了一套全面的建议，以平滑纳米医学从想法到现实的转化途径，消除消费者的不信任，并突破开发和推出安全、高效和商业成功产品的界限。