Simulations of frames from existing and upcoming high-resolution spectrographs, targeted for high accuracy radial velocity measurements, are computationally demanding (both in time and space). We present in this paper an innovative approach based on both parallelization and distribution of the workload. By using NVIDIA CUDA custom-made kernels and state-of-the-art cloud-computing architectures in a Platform as a Service (PaaS) approach, we implemented a modular and scalable end-to-end simulator that is able to render synthetic frames with an accuracy of the order of few cm/sec, while keeping the computational time low. We applied our approach to two spectrographs. For VLT-ESPRESSO we give a sound comparison between the actual data and the simulations showing the obtained spectral formats and the recovered instrumental profile. We also simulate data for the upcoming HIRES at the ELT and investigate the overall performance in terms of computational time and scalability against the size of the problem. In addition we demonstrate the interface with data-reduction systems and we preliminary show that the data can be reduced successfully by existing methods.

中文翻译：

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端到端模拟器：灵活且可扩展的基于云的架构

来自现有和即将推出的高分辨率光谱仪的帧模拟，旨在实现高精度径向速度测量，计算要求（时间和空间）。我们在本文中提出了一种基于并行化和工作负载分布的创新方法。通过在平台即服务 (PaaS) 方法中使用 NVIDIA CUDA 定制内核和最先进的云计算架构，我们实现了能够渲染合成帧的模块化和可扩展的端到端模拟器精度为几厘米/秒，同时保持较低的计算时间。我们将我们的方法应用于两个光谱仪。对于 VLT-ESPRESSO，我们在实际数据和模拟之间进行了合理的比较，显示了获得的光谱格式和恢复的仪器配置文件。我们还为即将到来的 ELT HIRES 模拟数据，并根据计算时间和可扩展性针对问题的大小研究整体性能。此外，我们演示了与数据缩减系统的接口，我们初步表明可以通过现有方法成功地缩减数据。