Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) software and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been increasingly adopted in the geosciences. The current mainstream generation of 3D models is still expensive as it relies on UAVs, Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS) ground control points and commercial software. This paper proposes an end‐to‐end reproducible SfM workflow with minimal legal, financial or field issues. The procedure avoids both UAVs and DGNSS and relies on open‐source software. Interlocked models of a rocky shore in Normandy, France were generated at different scales and point densities, being georeferenced using free spatial data. A spherical target was used for scaling and assessing the relative accuracy, which was better than 1 cm.

中文翻译：

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低成本的开源工作流程，可生成岩石露头的地理参考3D SfM摄影测量模型

运动结构（SfM）软件和无人飞行器（UAV）在地球科学中已越来越被采用。当前主流的3D模型仍然昂贵，因为它依赖于无人机，差分全球导航卫星系统（DGNSS）地面控制点和商业软件。本文提出了一种具有最小法律，财务或现场问题的端到端可复制SfM工作流程。该程序避免了UAV和DGNSS的使用，并且依赖于开源软件。使用自由空间数据对法国诺曼底多岩石海岸的互锁模型进行了不同比例和点密度的生成。球形目标用于缩放和评估相对精度，优于1 cm。