ABSTRACT Forest cover is increasing in many regions due to spontaneous reforestation on abandoned pastures and fields. The resulting recent forests may need management to improve ecosystem quality, and this could possibly be combined with timber production in specific cases. Temperate deciduous (TD) trees have declined steeply during the past millennium, but some now increase in the recent forests, often mixed with Norway spruce. Removing spruce may benefit these trees and for example oak regeneration, flowering plants and pollination. The total area of forest suitable for restoration in Norway and Sweden is >100,000 ha. We evaluate the cost of selective cutting based on 26 field trials, 13 in each country, and sales from the initial cutting on average just barely compensate for the costs. By resurveying plots from a parallel project in Sweden, we found that about half of the cut volume had regrown after 16 years, and a second thinning may be needed in the near future. Coarse woody debris (CWD) had increased by 78%, indicating increasingly natural conditions. We conclude that selective cutting in recent forests may be part of a strategy to reach restoration and sustainability goals, but that long-term incentives for landowners need to be developed.

中文翻译：

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温带落叶林恢复中近期混交林分采的经济性

摘要 由于在废弃牧场和田野上的自发重新造林，许多地区的森林覆盖率正在增加。由此产生的近期森林可能需要管理以改善生态系统质量，这可能在特定情况下与木材生产相结合。在过去的千年中，温带落叶 (TD) 树木急剧减少，但最近森林中的一些树木现在有所增加，通常与挪威云杉混合。去除云杉可能有益于这些树木，例如橡树再生、开花植物和授粉。挪威和瑞典适合恢复的森林总面积超过 100,000 公顷。我们根据 26 次现场试验（每个国家有 13 次）评估选择性切割的成本，而初始切割的平均销售额仅能弥补成本。通过重新调查瑞典一个平行项目的地块，我们发现 16 年后，大约一半的减产量已经重新生长，在不久的将来可能需要进行第二次减薄。粗木屑 (CWD) 增加了 78%，表明自然条件越来越强。我们得出的结论是，近期森林的选择性砍伐可能是实现恢复和可持续性目标的战略的一部分，但需要为土地所有者制定长期激励措施。