The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO₂‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H₂O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and −1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (−104 to −90‰, −126 to −86‰, and −130 to −106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ³⁴S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (−3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. −1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.409–18.767, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.600–15.715, ²⁰⁸Pb^/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.

中文翻译：

---

西北北山造山带修文嘎拉金矿床成因：来自地质，流体包裹体和H–O–S–Pb同位素的证据

修文嘎拉金矿位于中亚造山带南部的北山造山带。脉状/透镜状金矿体受东北向断裂控制，主要存在于下石炭统白山组的角砾岩/蚀变凝灰岩和流纹岩斑岩中。金属矿物主要包括黄铁矿和次要的黄铜矿，毒砂，方铅矿和闪锌矿，而非金属矿物包括石英，玉髓，绢云母，绿泥石和方解石。水热蚀变包括硅质，绢云母，绿泥石和碳酸盐。蚀变/矿化过程包括三个阶段：矿石前硅质蚀变（阶段I），矿石同石英砂岩-锆石-多金属硫化物矿化（阶段II）和矿石后石英-方解石脉状（阶段III）。₂富/含夹杂物。从第一阶段到第三阶段，FI分别在240–260°C，220–250°C和150–190°C下均质，相应的盐度为2.9–10.9、3.2–11.1和2.9–11.9 wt。％NaCl eqv 。， 分别。修文嘎拉的成矿深度估计相对较浅（<1 km）。FI结果表明成矿流体属于低温至中温，低盐度和低密度NaCl-H ₂ O系统。从第一阶段到第三阶段，该数值下降（分别为3.7‰，1.7-2.4‰和-1.7至0.9‰），并且其值也出现类似趋势（-104至-90‰，-126至-86‰）。 ，和分别为-130至-106‰）。这表明流体源已从岩浆逐渐演化为陨石。δ ³⁴热液黄铁矿的S值（-3.0至0.0‰；平均-1.1‰）与典型的岩浆/地幔源硫化物相似。黄铁矿Pb同位素组合物（²⁰⁶ PB / ²⁰⁴ PB = 18.409-18.767，²⁰⁷的Pb / ²⁰⁴ PB = 15.600-15.715，²⁰⁸的Pb ^{/ 204} PB = 38.173-38.654）类似于火山矿石主机的（子），这表明成矿物质的来源主要是上地壳（亚）火山岩。综合地质学，FIs和H–O–S–Pb同位素的证据，我们认为修温加拉最好归类为低硫化超热金矿床。