Carbonate‐replacement polymetallic mineralization at the Huanzala deposits (9°51′S, 77°00′W) was conducted in two contrasting stages that occurred in almost the same location. Early‐stage mineralization has a relation with a granodiorite porphyry stock, whereas the late‐stage mineralization is genetically associated with quartz porphyry sills. The early stage involved low to intermediate sulfidation Cu–Zn–(Pb) mineralization associated with metasomatic skarn, and the late stage involved high to intermediate sulfidation Cu–Zn–Pb–(Mn) mineralization associated with hydrothermal alteration characterized by paragonitic sericitization. The orebodies are hosted by steeply dipping (approximately 60°NE) Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks in a relatively narrow range of approximately 4 km in horizontal extent and less than 1 km in depth. The pathway of the early‐stage brine‐derived fluids (300–>400°C, >33 wt% NaCl equivalent) along a plot of log against 1000/T is best explained by the progressive dual decline of the value and the temperature under rock‐buffering conditions; this decline saw the pathway progress through the stability field of pyrrhotite to reach that of pyrite and promoted a decrease in FeS from 14.5 to 1.6 mol% in the sphalerite. In contrast, an explanation for the pathway of the late‐stage fluids (140–290°C, 3–13 wt% NaCl equivalent) is given by an almost isothermal decline at approximately 270°C, with passing through the stability field of pyrite–bornite to reach that of chalcopyrite, promoting an increase in FeS from 0.1 to 1.6 mol% in the sphalerite, suggesting gas‐buffering conditions. The ore formation pressure records in the fluid inclusions illustrate an approximately 2‐km erosion during the roughly 2‐Myr total lifetime of the hydrothermal system.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁Huanzala矿床的矿物学，流体包裹体和硫同位素：早期矽卡岩和晚期多金属置换型矿化

汉扎拉矿床（南纬9°51′，西经77°00′）处的碳酸盐替代多金属矿化作用发生在几乎相同位置的两个对比阶段。早期矿化与花岗闪长斑岩存量有关，而后期矿化与石英斑岩基石遗传相关。早期涉及与交代矽卡岩有关的低至中等硫化程度的Cu-Zn-（Pb）矿化作用，而晚期涉及与以副溶性绢云母化为特征的水热蚀变有关的Cu-Zn-Pb-（Mn）高至中等硫化作用的矿化作用。矿体是通过在水平范围约4 km，深度少于1 km的相对较窄范围内陡倾（约60°NE）下白垩统碳酸盐岩而形成的。相对于1000 / T的最佳解释是在岩石缓冲条件下，温度和温度值逐渐下降。这种下降看到了在黄铁矿稳定场中到达黄铁矿的途径，并促进了闪锌矿中FeS从14.5 mol％降低到1.6 mol％。相比之下，晚期流体（140–290°C，3–13 wt％NaCl当量）的路径的解释是在大约270°C时几乎等温下降的，穿过黄铁矿-斑脱岩的稳定场达到黄铜矿的稳定场，促使闪锌矿中FeS从0.1摩尔％增加到1.6摩尔％，这表明存在气体缓冲条件。流体包裹体中的地层压力记录表明，在热液系统大约2迈的总寿命中，大约发生了2 km的侵蚀。