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Seed germination of exotic and native winter annuals differentially responds to temperature and moisture, especially with climate change scenarios
Plant Species Biology ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12250
Rachael N. Hicks 1 , Fenglan Wang 1 , Siti N. Hidayati 1 , Jeffrey L. Walck 1
Affiliation  

Seeds of winter annuals require a summer after‐ripening period for dormancy loss and low autumn temperatures for germination. With current and future changes in moisture and temperature, we tested the effects of warming along a relative humidity (RH) gradient on dormancy loss and effects of decreased diurnal temperature range (DTR) on germination. We further reasoned that the effects of changes in these variables would be disproportionate between the exotic and native winter annuals. Seeds of exotic species (Buglossoides arvensis, Lamium purpureum and Ranunculus parviflorus) and co‐occurring native species (Galium aparine, Paysonia stonensis and Plantago virginica) were collected in middle Tennessee. After‐ripening occurred over a 15–100% RH gradient at 25 and 30°C and germination was tested at 20/10 and 20/15°C. Niche breadth was calculated using Levins' B. Fresh Ranunculus seeds had high germination and those of other species did not. Germination for these species increased with after‐ripening, mostly across the RH gradient irrespective of temperature. A decrease in DTR showed mixed results – the extreme being Ranunculus with no germination at 20/15°C. Most exotic species had wider germination niche breadths than native species. With climate change, we suggest that a decrease in DTR may have a larger effect on germination than increasing moisture or warming on dormancy break. Moreover, there is not a clear‐cut winner with climate change when we compare exotic versus native species because the responses of our six species were species specific.

中文翻译:

外来和本地冬季一年生植物的种子萌发对温度和湿度的反应不同,尤其是在气候变化情景下

冬季一年生植物的种子需要夏季后熟期才能休眠,秋季低温才能发芽。随着当前和未来湿度和温度的变化,我们测试了沿相对湿度 (RH) 梯度变暖对休眠损失的影响以及昼夜温差 (DTR) 降低对发芽的影响。我们进一步推断,这些变量变化的影响在外来和本地冬季一年生植物之间是不成比例的。在田纳西州中部收集了外来物种(Buglossoides arvensis、Lamium purpureum 和 Ranunculus parviflorus)和共生本地物种(Galium aparine、Paysonia stonensis 和 Plantago virginica)的种子。后熟发生在 15-100% RH 梯度下,温度为 25 和 30°C,发芽在 20/10 和 20/15°C 下进行测试。生态位宽度是使用 Levins' B 计算的。新鲜毛茛种子具有高发芽率,而其他物种的种子则没有。这些物种的发芽随着后熟而增加,主要是跨越 RH 梯度而与温度无关。DTR 的降低显示出好坏参半的结果——极端是毛茛属植物,在 20/15°C 下没有发芽。大多数外来物种比本地物种具有更宽的发芽生态位宽度。随着气候变化,我们认为 DTR 的降低可能比休眠中断时增加水分或变暖对发芽产生更大的影响。此外,当我们比较外来物种与本地物种时,气候变化并没有明确的赢家,因为我们的六个物种的反应是物种特异性的。这些物种的发芽随着后熟而增加,主要是跨越 RH 梯度而与温度无关。DTR 的降低显示出好坏参半的结果——极端是毛茛属植物,在 20/15°C 下没有发芽。大多数外来物种比本地物种具有更宽的发芽生态位宽度。随着气候变化,我们认为 DTR 的降低可能比休眠中断时增加水分或变暖对发芽产生更大的影响。此外,当我们比较外来物种与本地物种时,气候变化并没有明确的赢家,因为我们的六个物种的反应是物种特异性的。这些物种的发芽随着后熟而增加,主要是跨越 RH 梯度而与温度无关。DTR 的降低显示出好坏参半的结果——极端是毛茛属植物,在 20/15°C 下没有发芽。大多数外来物种比本地物种具有更宽的发芽生态位宽度。随着气候变化,我们认为 DTR 的降低可能比休眠中断时增加水分或变暖对发芽产生更大的影响。此外,当我们比较外来物种与本地物种时,气候变化并没有明确的赢家,因为我们的六个物种的反应是物种特异性的。大多数外来物种比本地物种具有更宽的发芽生态位宽度。随着气候变化,我们认为 DTR 的降低可能比休眠中断时增加水分或变暖对发芽产生更大的影响。此外,当我们比较外来物种与本地物种时,气候变化并没有明确的赢家,因为我们的六个物种的反应是物种特异性的。大多数外来物种比本地物种具有更宽的发芽生态位宽度。随着气候变化,我们认为 DTR 的降低可能比休眠中断时增加水分或变暖对发芽产生更大的影响。此外,当我们比较外来物种与本地物种时,气候变化并没有明确的赢家,因为我们的六个物种的反应是物种特异性的。
更新日期:2019-10-01
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