Cicadas are large hemipteran insects characterized by unique life‐history traits, such as extraordinarily long life cycles, a subterranean/terrestrial habitat transition, xylem sap‐feeding and melodious sound production. These fascinating features of cicadas have attracted much attention in the research fields of physiology and ecology, resulting in an accumulation of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms and their adaptive significance. Although community‐level responses to recent climate change have already been documented for cicada fauna, an understanding of their causal relationships is still at the initial stages. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about environmental adaptations of cicadas to facilitate a deeper understanding of the ecophysiological consequences of climate change. We first outline the diverse responses of cicadas to environmental factors, mainly temperature, and their strategies to cope with naturally fluctuating environments. Then, we discuss the consequence of upcoming climate change by consolidating the current findings. This review highlights the fact that fitness‐relevant activities are fine‐tuned to a species‐specific temperature optimum to achieve habitat segregation among coexisting species, implying that cicada diversity is highly susceptible to climate warming. As a result of their conspicuous large bodies and species‐specific calling songs, cicadas are promising candidates for use as bioindicator species to monitor ecological impacts of climate change. We encourage future works that continuously quantify population‐ and community‐level responses to upcoming climate change, as well as unveil mechanistic links between physiological traits and ecological consequences.

中文翻译：

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蝉对气候变化的生态生理反应

蝉是大型半翅目昆虫，具有独特的生活史特征，如极长的生命周期、地下/陆地栖息地过渡、木质部汁液喂养和悠扬的声音产生。蝉的这些迷人特征引起了生理学和生态学研究领域的广泛关注，从而积累了有关其潜在机制及其适应意义的知识。尽管已经记录了蝉动物群对近期气候变化的社区级响应，但对其因果关系的理解仍处于初始阶段。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关蝉的环境适应的当前知识，以促进对气候变化的生态生理后果的更深入理解。我们首先概述了蝉对环境因素（主要是温度）的不同反应，以及它们应对自然波动环境的策略。然后，我们通过整合当前的发现来讨论即将到来的气候变化的后果。这篇综述强调了一个事实，即适应度相关的活动被微调到特定物种的最佳温度，以实现共存物种之间的栖息地隔离，这意味着蝉的多样性非常容易受到气候变暖的影响。由于它们显眼的大身体和特定物种的鸣叫声，蝉很有希望用作生物指示物种来监测气候变化的生态影响。我们鼓励未来的工作不断量化人口和社区层面对即将到来的气候变化的反应，