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Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid insecticides or their binary mixtures on Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Physiological Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-23 , DOI: 10.1111/phen.12278
Yahya Al Naggar 1, 2 , John P. Giesy 3, 4 , Samar El Kholy 1
Affiliation  

Mosquitoes represent one of the most significant threats to human and veterinary health throughout the world. Consequently, improving strategies for the control of mosquitoes is essential. In the present study, juvenile Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), the common house mosquito, are chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (20% of LC50) and imidacloprid (5% of LC50), both separately and as a mixture. Developmental time, the emergence rate of adults and the expression of five selected genes involved in detoxification and resistance to pesticides are assessed. To assess the effects on oviposition choice, gravid females are forced to oviposit into cups containing water with added chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid or a mixture of both. The time required for the development of second‐ and third‐instar larvae is observed to differ significantly between treatments. Adults of C. pipiens fail to emerge from larvae hatched in both imidacloprid and the binary mixture. The expression of the four quantified detoxification genes differs significantly in third‐larval instars exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or imidacloprid compared with controls. Gravid females also fail to lay eggs on water to which either of the insecticides or the binary mixture is added, although they do lay eggs in cups containing water only. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid has significant adverse effects on development and thus the reproductive fitness of C. pipiens and, accordingly, could be used in the population control of these mosquitoes.

中文翻译:

长期接触毒死蜱或吡虫啉杀虫剂或其二元混合物对库蚊蚊子的亚致死效应

蚊子是全世界人类和兽医健康最严重的威胁之一。因此,改进控制蚊子的策略至关重要。在本研究中,幼年库蚊(双翅目:库蚊科)长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱(LC50 的 20%)和吡虫啉(LC50 的 5%),分别或作为混合物。评估了发育时间、成虫的出现率以及参与解毒和杀虫剂抗性的五个选定基因的表达。为了评估对产卵选择的影响,怀孕的雌性被迫在装有毒死蜱、吡虫啉或两者混合物的水中排卵。观察到二龄和三龄幼虫发育所需的时间在处理之间存在显着差异。C. pipiens 的成虫不能从在吡虫啉和二元混合物中孵化的幼虫中出现。与对照相比,暴露于毒死蜱和/或吡虫啉的三龄幼虫中四种量化解毒基因的表达显着不同。怀孕的雌性也无法在添加了杀虫剂或二元混合物的水中产卵,尽管它们确实在仅装有水的杯子中产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。C. pipiens 的成虫不能从在吡虫啉和二元混合物中孵化的幼虫中出现。与对照相比,暴露于毒死蜱和/或吡虫啉的三龄幼虫中四种量化解毒基因的表达显着不同。怀孕的雌性也无法在添加了杀虫剂或二元混合物的水中产卵,尽管它们确实在仅装有水的杯子中产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。C. pipiens 的成虫不能从在吡虫啉和二元混合物中孵化的幼虫中出现。与对照相比,暴露于毒死蜱和/或吡虫啉的三龄幼虫中四种量化解毒基因的表达显着不同。怀孕的雌性也无法在添加了杀虫剂或二元混合物的水中产卵,尽管它们确实在仅装有水的杯子中产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。与对照相比,暴露于毒死蜱和/或吡虫啉的三龄幼虫中四种量化解毒基因的表达显着不同。怀孕的雌性也无法在添加了杀虫剂或二元混合物的水中产卵,尽管它们确实在仅装有水的杯子中产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。与对照相比,暴露于毒死蜱和/或吡虫啉的三龄幼虫中四种量化解毒基因的表达显着不同。怀孕的雌性也无法在添加了杀虫剂或二元混合物的水中产卵,尽管它们确实在仅装有水的杯子中产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。虽然它们确实在只装水的杯子里产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。虽然它们确实在只装水的杯子里产卵。长期暴露于亚致死浓度的毒死蜱或吡虫啉对发育有显着的不利影响,因此对 C. pipiens 的生殖健康有显着的不利影响,因此可用于控制这些蚊子的种群。
更新日期:2019-02-23
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