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Geographic variations in fine-scale vegetation patterns: aspect preferences of montane pine stands over Southern Appalachian landscapes
Physical Geography ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-13 , DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2019.1576013
Charles W. Lafon 1 , Alison A. Hanson 1 , Rosemary A. Dwight 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Landscape mosaics commonly reflect local terrain interactions with broad-scale processes. In the northern hemisphere, insolation interacts with terrain such that south-facing slopes are warmer, drier, and have sparser and more flammable vegetation than north-facing slopes. These vegetation differences are reinforced through positive feedbacks. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA, south-facing slopes harbor xerophytic, fire-dependent pine stands within a hardwood-forest matrix. On certain landscapes, however, pines prefer west- and northwest-facing slopes. We examine pine distribution in the southern Appalachian Mountains (Virginia through Georgia), finding that pines prefer south- and southwest-facing slopes in the southern section of this region but west-, southwest-, and northwest-facing slopes in the northern section, suggesting that broad-scale processes interact differently with terrain in the two sections. To investigate these differences, we analyze three topo-climatic factors (topographic wetness, insolation, and wind) that may influence pine distributions, and discuss other potential influences (bedrock dip, soils, and ice storms). Insolation receipt can straightforwardly explain pine distribution on southern landscapes. No single explanation accounts fully for the anomalous northern pattern, but several mechanisms (especially wind and disturbances) may contribute. We present a conceptual model of these processes and the longer-term coevolution of pine forests with microclimates, fire regimes, soils, and landforms.

中文翻译:

细尺度植被模式的地理变化:山地松对南阿巴拉契亚景观的偏好

摘要 景观马赛克通常反映局部地形与大尺度过程的相互作用。在北半球,日照与地形相互作用,因此朝南的斜坡比朝北的斜坡更温暖、更干燥,并且植被更稀疏、更易燃。这些植被差异通过正反馈得到加强。在美国阿巴拉契亚山脉南部,朝南的山坡在硬木林基质内生长着旱生的、依赖火的松树。然而,在某些景观上,松树更喜欢朝西和朝西北的斜坡。我们研究了阿巴拉契亚山脉南部(弗吉尼亚州到乔治亚州)的松树分布,发现松树更喜欢该地区南段的南坡和西南坡,而北段的西坡、西南坡和西北坡,表明在这两个部分中,大规模过程与地形的相互作用不同。为了研究这些差异,我们分析了可能影响松树分布的三个地形气候因素(地形湿度、日照和风),并讨论了其他潜在影响(基岩倾角、土壤和冰暴)。日晒接收可以直接解释南部景观中的松树分布。没有单一的解释可以完全解释异常的北方模式,但可能有几种机制(尤其是风和干扰)。我们提出了这些过程的概念模型,以及松林与小气候、火灾状况、土壤和地貌的长期共同进化。我们分析了可能影响松树分布的三个地形气候因素(地形湿度、日照和风),并讨论了其他潜在影响(基岩倾角、土壤和冰暴)。日晒接收可以直接解释南部景观中的松树分布。没有单一的解释可以完全解释异常的北方模式,但可能有几种机制(尤其是风和干扰)。我们提出了这些过程的概念模型,以及松林与小气候、火灾状况、土壤和地貌的长期共同进化。我们分析了可能影响松树分布的三个地形气候因素(地形湿度、日照和风),并讨论了其他潜在影响(基岩倾角、土壤和冰暴)。日晒接收可以直接解释南部景观中的松树分布。没有单一的解释可以完全解释异常的北方模式,但可能有几种机制(尤其是风和干扰)。我们提出了这些过程的概念模型,以及松林与小气候、火灾状况、土壤和地貌的长期共同进化。没有单一的解释可以完全解释异常的北方模式,但可能有几种机制(尤其是风和干扰)。我们提出了这些过程的概念模型,以及松林与小气候、火灾状况、土壤和地貌的长期共同进化。没有单一的解释可以完全解释异常的北方模式,但可能有几种机制(尤其是风和干扰)。我们提出了这些过程的概念模型,以及松林与小气候、火灾状况、土壤和地貌的长期共同进化。
更新日期:2019-02-13
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