The Special Issue that justifies this Editorial has been designed to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the first Spanish scientific meeting of the International Permafrost Association organized in 1994 in Madrid. This Special Issue, entitled “Permafrost and periglacial processes in mid‐ and low‐latitude mountains regions,” includes nine papers from various mountain regions around the world, such as the Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada, Galician and Cantabrian Mountains in the Iberian Peninsula, Atacama and Central Andes in South America, Absaroka ranges in North America, and Seckauer Tauern Range in the European Alps. These articles provide new methodologies and approaches focusing on a wide range of periglacial phenomena, such as past cryogenic environments, active periglacial processes, permafrost and ground thermal regime, as well as rock glaciers. As a result of this Special Issue, we have detected several knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the future by the scientific community studying permafrost and periglacial processes in mid‐ and low‐latitude mountains regions, namely: (a) improving the geochronology of past periglacial environments and associated paleoclimatic implications; (b) the study of periglacial features existing in low‐altitude mountain environments and/or in the lowlands; (c) improve our current knowledge of active periglacial processes, permafrost distribution and ground thermal regime in mid‐altitude mountains; (d) the monitoring of periglacial mass wasting processes and mechanisms of sediment transfer; (e) the interaction between glaciers and periglacial processes; and (f) geoecological dynamics in response to climate scenarios anticipating significant changes of temperature and moisture in periglacial regions.

中文翻译：

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中低纬度山区的多年冻土和冰缘过程

证明本社论合理的《特刊》旨在纪念1994年在马德里组织的国际多年冻土协会首次西班牙科学会议成立25周年。本期专刊名为“中低纬度山区的多年冻土和冰川作用”，包括来自世界各地不同山区的九份论文，例如阿塔卡马州伊比利亚半岛的比利牛斯山脉，内华达山脉，加利西亚和坎塔布连山脉南美的安第斯山脉中部，北美的Absaroka山脉和欧洲阿尔卑斯山的Seckauer Tauern山脉。这些文章提供了针对广泛的冰河现象的新方法论和方法，例如过去的低温环境，活跃的冰河过程，多年冻土和地热状况以及岩石冰川。作为本期特刊的结果，我们发现了科学界在研究中低纬度山区的多年冻土和冰川作用过程以后应解决的若干知识差距，即：（a）改善过去的年代学冰川环境和相关的古气候影响；（b）研究低海拔山区环境和/或低地中存在的冰缘特征；（c）增进我们对中海拔山区活跃的冰川作用，多年冻土分布和地热状况的了解；（d）监测冰川消融过程和沉积物转移机制；（e）冰川与冰川过程之间的相互作用；