ABSTRACT Knowledge about the behaviour of passive dispensers used to release semiochemicals for insect pest management is essential to ensure the efficacy of monitoring and control methods based on the use of the semiochemicals. The release characteristics of different passive dispenser types (commercial sachet, altered commercial sachet, polyethylene bags and cotton rolls) were investigated in the laboratory under various conditions. Using the volatile compound methyl isonicotinate (MI), a known lure for western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and two additional homologues ethyl and n-propyl isonicotinate the effect of loading amount (0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 ml), temperatures (15°C, 25°C or 35°C) and air flow (0.1–0.15 m/s or 0.25–0.3 m/s) were tested in a low-speed laminar-flow wind tunnel. The results showed zero-order release kinetics for all tested dispenser types. Release rate kinetics relies on the type of molecule, dispenser type, and the climatic conditions with temperature being a major determinant of release rate. The results of the release characteristics of the different dispensers are discussed in regards to their practical use under greenhouse and field conditions.

中文翻译：

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作为昆虫诱饵的挥发性化合物：影响被动分配器系统释放的因素

摘要 有关用于释放用于害虫管理的化学信息素的被动分配器的行为的知识对于确保基于化学信息素使用的监测和控制方法的有效性至关重要。在实验室中研究了不同被动分配器类型（商业小袋、改过的商业小袋、聚乙烯袋和棉卷）在各种条件下的释放特性。使用挥发性化合物异烟酸甲酯 (MI)、西花蓟马 Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) 和另外两种同系物异烟酸乙酯和正丙酯的已知诱剂，负载量（0.5、1.0 或 2.5 毫升）、温度（15°）的影响C、25°C 或 35°C）和气流（0.1-0.15 m/s 或 0.25-0.3 m/s）在低速层流风洞中进行测试。结果显示所有测试分配器类型的零级释放动力学。释放速率动力学取决于分子类型、分配器类型和气候条件，温度是释放速率的主要决定因素。讨论了不同分配器在温室和田间条件下的实际应用的释放特性的结果。