ABSTRACT The majority (65%–94%) of mealybugs collected from harvested apples in Nelson, New Zealand, orchards between 2008 and 2011 were Pseudococcus longispinus. The remainder (35%–6%) were P. calceolariae, although a few P. viburni were occasionally found. Traps baited with newly developed synthetic pheromone of P. calceolariae were deployed in orchards in 2011 and attracted females of the mealybug parasitoid Alamella mira. The mealybug parasitoid complex in Nelson apple orchards was assessed over an 8-week period in autumn during 2012 and 2013 by deploying sentinel mealybugs on sprouting potatoes. Potatoes were infested with P. longispinus (in 2012 and 2013) and P. calceolariae (2012 only). They were deployed in orchards to capture parasitoids that were active during the trapping period. The sentinel mealybug-infested potatoes were placed in delta traps in the orchards for about 2 weeks and then retrieved and held in a laboratory in Auckland for 4–6 weeks. Parasitoid mummies were collected and emerging adults identified to species. In 2012, four species (Tetracnemoidea peregrina, T. brevicornis, Coccophagus gurneyi and Ophelosia charlesi) were recovered from three orchards near Motueka. In 2013, three species (T. peregrina, C. gurneyi and Gyranusoidea advena) were recovered. Monitoring methods appeared to influence the complex of parasitoids recovered. A combination of monitoring methods, including possible kairomonal responses of mealybug parasitoids to host pheromones and rearing parasitoids from fruit and foliage naturally infested with mealybugs, may provide the best assessment of mealybug parasitoid diversity and abundance in orchards.

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Nelson pipfruit果园粉蚧及其寄生物的最新记录

摘要 在 2008 年至 2011 年期间，从新西兰纳尔逊果园收获的苹果中收集的大部分（65%–94%）粉蚧是长棘假球菌。其余 (35%–6%) 是 P. calceolariae，尽管偶尔会发现一些 P. viburni。2011 年，在果园中部署了以新开发的 P. calceolariae 合成信息素为诱饵的诱捕器，并吸引了粉蚧寄生蜂 Alamella mira 的雌性。2012 年和 2013 年秋季，通过在发芽的马铃薯上部署哨兵粉蚧，对纳尔逊苹果园中的粉蚧寄生蜂群进行了为期 8 周的评估。马铃薯感染了 P. longispinus（2012 年和 2013 年）和 P. calceolariae（仅 2012 年）。它们被部署在果园中以捕获在诱捕期间活跃的寄生蜂。被哨兵粉蚧侵染的马铃薯被放置在果园的三角洲陷阱中约 2 周，然后取回并在奥克兰的实验室中保存 4-6 周。收集了寄生物木乃伊，并确定了物种的新兴成虫。2012 年，从 Motueka 附近的三个果园中发现了四种（Tetracnemoidea peregrina、T. brevicornis、Coccophagus gurneyi 和 Ophelosia charlesi）。2013 年，恢复了三个物种（T. peregrina、C. gurneyi 和 Gyranusoidea advena）。监测方法似乎会影响回收的寄生蜂群。监测方法的组合，包括粉蚧寄生蜂对寄主信息素可能的 kairomonal 反应，以及从自然感染粉蚧的果实和树叶中培育寄生蜂，