Abstract Pyrethroids, the widely used pesticides, are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, little information is available on their toxicity on crustaceans. We utilized imagoes of Echinogammarus tacapensis to elucidate the effects of sublethal concentrations of permethrin. The LC50 (48, 72, and 96 h) was assessed considering several pesticide concentrations (ranging between 0.5 and 100 ng L−1) using the Regtox package and were found to be 13.88, 8.974, and 4.259 ng L−1, respectively. The biomarkers’ response was analyzed using animals exposed to 0.35, 0.7, and 1.4 ng/L of permethrin for 4 days. The catalase activity was significantly induced after 48 h of exposure to the three permethrin concentrations. Additionally, the glutathione S-transferase activity was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, exposed to C1 (0.35 ng L−1), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed no significant change compared to control values. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rate was found to be similar to the SOD variation. Our findings suggest that permethrin poses a potential threat to freshwater amphipods and thus, the test species can be a useful tool for pesticide toxicity biomonitoring due to their small size, easy husbandry, short life cycle, and high fecundity.

中文翻译：

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氯菊酯（拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂）对淡水片脚类 Echinogammarus tacapensis 生化反应的影响（Chevreux 和 Gauthier，1924）

摘要 拟除虫菊酯是一种广泛使用的杀虫剂，对水生生物有剧毒。然而，关于它们对甲壳类动物的毒性的信息很少。我们利用 Echinogammarus tacapensis 的成虫来阐明亚致死浓度的氯菊酯的影响。LC50（48、72 和 96 小时）使用 Regtox 包在考虑几种农药浓度（范围在 0.5 和 100 ng L-1 之间）进行评估，发现分别为 13.88、8.974 和 4.259 ng L-1。使用暴露于 0.35、0.7 和 1.4 ng/L 氯菊酯 4 天的动物分析生物标志物的反应。暴露于三种氯菊酯浓度 48 小时后，过氧化氢酶活性得到显着诱导。此外，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性以浓度依赖性方式增加。然而，暴露于 C1 (0. 35 ng L-1)，超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性与对照值相比没有显着变化。发现过氧化氢 (H2O2) 速率与 SOD 变化相似。我们的研究结果表明，氯菊酯对淡水片脚类动物构成潜在威胁，因此，由于其体型小、易于饲养、生命周期短和繁殖力高，测试物种可以成为农药毒性生物监测的有用工具。