ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on hematological and immunological parameters in both male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were randomly distributed into six groups and administered with NP (10, 50 and 100 μg g-1 week-1 BW) and a single dose of 17-β estradiol (E2; 2 μg g-1 week-1 BW, positive control). The solvent controls received ethanol and coconut oil as a vehicle, while the controls were not injected. Red blood cells (RBCs) count, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), and lymphocytes demonstrated a NP dose-dependent decrease, whereas mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), monocytes, and neutrophils showed an increasing trend in both male and female fish 21 days post-treatment. Also, RBCs, Hb, MCHC, WBCs, and lymphocytes were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in E2 treated fish. Lysozyme, complement components (C3 and C4) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were increased in fish sera subjected to 10 and 50 μg g-1 NP, while these decreased in groups administered with 100 μg g-1 NP and 2 μg g-1 E2. Except for C4 level at 10 μg g-1 NP, no significant differences were observed in hematological and immunological parameters of male and female in each treatment. Overall, a frequent exposure to NP could lead to adverse effects on fish immune-physiological functions which may cause serious ecological threats of fish natural population sustainability.

中文翻译：

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壬基酚对未成熟虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）血液学参数和免疫反应的影响

摘要 本研究调查了壬基酚 (NP) 对雄性和雌性虹鳟鱼 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 血液学和免疫学参数的影响。将鱼随机分为六组，分别给予 NP（10、50 和 100 μg g-1 周-1 BW）和单剂量 17-β 雌二醇（E2；2 μg g-1 周-1 BW，阳性对照） ）。溶剂对照接受乙醇和椰子油作为载体，而对照不注射。红细胞 (RBC) 计数、血细胞比容 (Hct)、血红蛋白 (Hb)、白细胞 (WBC) 和淋巴细胞表现出 NP 剂量依赖性降低，而平均红细胞体积 (MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白 (MCH)、处理后 21 天，雄性和雌性鱼的单核细胞和中性粒细胞均呈增加趋势。此外，RBC、Hb、MCHC、WBC、在 E2 处理的鱼中，淋巴细胞显着减少（p<0.05）。溶菌酶、补体成分（C3 和 C4）和免疫球蛋白 M (IgM) 在 10 和 50 μg g-1 NP 的鱼血清中增加，而这些在施用 100 μg g-1 NP 和 2 μg g-1 的组中下降E2。除了 10 μg g-1 NP 的 C4 水平外，各处理中雄性和雌性的血液学和免疫学参数没有显着差异。总体而言，频繁接触 NP 可能会对鱼类的免疫生理功能产生不利影响，从而可能对鱼类自然种群的可持续性造成严重的生态威胁。而这些在服用 100 μg g-1 NP 和 2 μg g-1 E2 的组中有所降低。除了 10 μg g-1 NP 的 C4 水平外，各处理中雄性和雌性的血液学和免疫学参数没有显着差异。总体而言，频繁接触 NP 可能会对鱼类的免疫生理功能产生不利影响，从而可能对鱼类自然种群的可持续性造成严重的生态威胁。而这些在服用 100 μg g-1 NP 和 2 μg g-1 E2 的组中有所降低。除了 10 μg g-1 NP 的 C4 水平外，各处理中雄性和雌性的血液学和免疫学参数没有显着差异。总体而言，频繁接触 NP 可能会对鱼类的免疫生理功能产生不利影响，从而可能对鱼类自然种群的可持续性造成严重的生态威胁。