Understanding distribution patterns and habitat characteristics of ecologically or economically important species in marine protected areas is critical for identifying ecological boundaries and optimizing management strategies. However, studies on groundfish resources around marine protected areas are often limited because of economic, geographic, or jurisdictional constraints. This study investigated the seasonal distribution of Crimson Seabream Parargyrops edita, an important demersal fish species in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea, based on bottom trawl surveys inside and outside of the experimental zone of a marine protected area. It examined habitat preferences of Crimson Seabream in terms of 11 abiotic and biotic factors (sea bottom temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, depth, transparency, zooplankton biomass, eastings, northings, season, and zone) using generalized additive models. The density of Crimson Seabream was highest in spring, with a mean ± SD density of 50,700 ± 15,100 individuals/km² and an occurrence frequency of 92.3%, and lowest in winter, with a mean ± SD density of 20 ± 39 individuals/km² and an occurrence frequency of 30.8%. Crimson Seabream were most aggregated in summer and least aggregated in winter. Results suggest that the distribution of Crimson Seabream was first and foremost influenced by season, sea bottom temperature, and salinity. Crimson Seabream were most likely to be found in areas with sea bottom temperature between 22.8°C and 25.0°C, salinity between 31.5‰ and 32.0‰, dissolved oxygen between 4.4 and 6.8 mg/L, and zooplankton biomass between 114.0 and 2,717.5 mg/m³. Further, findings suggest that dynamic management strategies with more effort on minimizing human activity around the marine protected area in winter and spring may provide more effective support for Crimson Seabream recruitment. Statistical approaches applied here and related outcomes may serve as a basis for determining the spillover effects of marine protected areas and enhancing fishery management units.

中文翻译：

---

绯红鲷鱼的季节性分布和生境偏好：对南海北部湾北部海洋保护区的影响

了解海洋保护区中具有重要生态或经济意义的物种的分布模式和栖息地特征对于确定生态边界和优化管理策略至关重要。但是，由于经济，地理或管辖范围的限制，对海洋保护区周围的底层鱼类资源的研究往往受到限制。这项研究调查了深红鲷鱼Parargyrops edita的季节性分布是南海北部湾北部重要的水下鱼类物种，根据海洋保护区实验区内外的拖网调查得出。它使用广义加性模型从11种非生物和生物因素（海底温度，盐度，溶解氧，pH，深度，透明度，浮游生物量，东风，北风，季节和区域）方面检查了深红海鲷的栖息地偏好。绯红鲷的密度在春季最高，平均±SD密度为50,700±15,100个/ km ²，发生频率为92.3％，在冬季最低，其平均±SD密度为20±39个/ km。²发生频率为30.8％。绯红鲷鱼在夏季聚集最多，而在冬季聚集最少。结果表明，深红色鲷鱼的分布首先受季节，海底温度和盐度的影响。深红鲷鱼最可能出现在海底温度在22.8°C至25.0°C之间，盐度在31.5‰至32.0‰之间，溶解氧在4.4至6.8 mg / L之间，浮游动物生物量在114.0至2,717.5 mg /之间的地区。³米。此外，研究结果表明，在冬季和春季，应采取更多的动态管理策略来最大程度地减少海洋保护区周围的人类活动，这可能会为深红鲷的招募提供更有效的支持。这里采用的统计方法和相关成果可以作为确定海洋保护区的溢出效应和加强渔业管理部门的基础。