Abstract The Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems belong to the fundamental tools used in ensuring a high level of safety across sea basins with heavy traffic, where the presence of navigational hazards poses a great risk of collision or a ship running aground. In order to determine the mutual location of ships, VTS systems obtain information from different facilities, such as coastal radar stations, AIS, and vision systems. Fixing a ship’s position is always accompanied by a degree of error, but the degree of error depends on the specific position fixing system used. In order to increase the accuracy of position fixing in VTS systems, the authors propose the use of contemporary geodetic methods. The article presents the theoretical fundamentals of two unconventional geodesic methods of estimation: M estimation and Msplit(q)estimation and the authors’ own proposal of their application in VTS systems. The article concludes with a test verifying theoretical assumptions, performed with the use of a computer application allowing position fixing with the use of selected robust adjustment methods. Furthermore, an example is presented of Msplit(q)estimation as used for the acquisition of low-signal radar echoes, which in VTS systems are not automatically identified for tracking. The level of the echo signal makes it difficult for a VTS controller to separate these objects from typical radar noise and interference.

中文翻译：

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使用选定的非常规测地线方法估计 VTS 区域的新方法

摘要 船舶交通服务 (VTS) 系统属于在交通繁忙的海盆中确保高度安全的基本工具，在这些海盆中存在航行危险会造成碰撞或船舶搁浅的巨大风险。为了确定船舶的相互位置，VTS 系统从不同的设施获取信息，例如沿海雷达站、AIS 和视觉系统。固定船舶位置总是伴随着一定程度的误差，但误差程度取决于所使用的具体位置固定系统。为了提高 VTS 系统中定位的准确性，作者建议使用现代大地测量方法。本文介绍了两种非常规测地线估计方法的理论基础：M 估计和 Msplit(q) 估计以及作者自己的关于它们在 VTS 系统中的应用的建议。文章最后进行了验证理论假设的测试，该测试使用计算机应用程序执行，允许使用选定的稳健调整方法进行定位。此外，还提供了一个用于获取低信号雷达回波的 Msplit(q) 估计示例，该回波在 VTS 系统中无法自动识别以进行跟踪。回波信号的电平使 VTS 控制器难以将这些物体与典型的雷达噪声和干扰区分开来。使用计算机应用程序执行，允许使用选定的稳健调整方法进行位置固定。此外，还提供了一个用于获取低信号雷达回波的 Msplit(q) 估计示例，该回波在 VTS 系统中无法自动识别以进行跟踪。回波信号的电平使 VTS 控制器难以将这些物体与典型的雷达噪声和干扰区分开来。使用计算机应用程序执行，允许使用选定的稳健调整方法进行位置固定。此外，还提供了一个用于获取低信号雷达回波的 Msplit(q) 估计示例，该回波在 VTS 系统中无法自动识别以进行跟踪。回波信号的电平使 VTS 控制器难以将这些物体与典型的雷达噪声和干扰区分开来。