Until recently the immediate aftermath of the Hangenberg event of the Famennian Stage (Upper Devonian) was considered to have decimated sarcopterygian groups, including lungfish, with only two taxa, Occludus romeri and Sagenodus spp., being unequivocally recorded from rocks of Tournaisian age (Mississippian, Early Carboniferous). Recent discoveries of numerous morphologically diverse lungfish tooth plates from southern Scotland and northern England indicate that at least 10 dipnoan taxa existed during the earliest Carboniferous. Of these taxa, only two, Xylognathus and Ballgadus, preserve cranial and postcranial skeletal elements, which have yet to be described. Here we present a description of the skull of a new genus and species of lungfish, Limanichthys fraseri gen. et sp. nov., which hails from the very earliest Tournaisian in the Ballagan Formation of Burnmouth, southern Scotland. The new specimen represents the earliest definitive Tournaisian lungfish skull material, thus providing an invaluable insight into the response of this group – and, indeed, Sarcopterygii as a whole – immediately following the latest Devonian Hangenberg event. Phylogenetic analysis places Limanichthys fraseri within the Devonian ‘phaneropleurid-fleurantiid’ grade of lungfish and shows that the Carboniferous lungfish represent forms that have their origins deep in the Middle and Late Devonian as well as those from a unique Carboniferous radiation. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:101FFE43-42D5-4950-9169-A900113B6F1D

直到最近，人们还认为法门尼期（上泥盆纪）的Hangenberg事件的直接后果是毁灭了包括肺鱼在内的食翅目鸟类，其中只有两个分类群Occludus romeri和Sagenodus spp。明确记录于图尔奈时期的岩石中（密西西比，早期石炭纪）。来自苏格兰南部和英格兰北部的许多形态多样的肺鱼齿板的最新发现表明，在最早的石炭纪期间至少存在10个皮德诺类群。在这些分类中，只有两个，Xylognathus和Ballgadus保留了尚未描述的颅骨和颅后骨骼元素。在这里，我们介绍了一种新的头骨和肺鱼物种Limanichthys fraseri gen的描述。等。十一月，起源于苏格兰南部伯恩茅斯的巴拉根组的最早的图尔尼斯人。新标本代表了最早的土纳斯人肺鱼头骨材料，从而在最近泥盆纪Hangenberg事件发生后立即提供了对这一群体以及事实上的整个Sar鱼的反应的宝贵见解。系统发育分析将Limanichthys fraseri在泥盆纪“ phaneropleurid-fleurantiid”等级的肺鱼中发现，石炭纪肺鱼代表的形态起源于泥盆纪中晚期和深处以及独特的石炭纪辐射。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:101FFE43-42D5-4950-9169-A900113B6F1D