Paleosols are recurrent features in alluvial successions and provide information about past sedimentary dynamics and climate change. Through sedimentological analysis on six sediment cores, the mud‐dominated succession beneath the medieval ‘Two Towers’ of Bologna was investigated down to 100 m depth. A succession of weakly developed paleosols (Inceptisols) was identified. Four paleosols (P1, P2, P3 and PH) were radiocarbon‐dated to 40–10 cal ka bp. Organic matter and CaCO₃ determinations indicate low groundwater levels during soil development, which spanned periods < 5 ka. The development and burial of soils, which occurred synchronously in the Bologna region and in other sectors of the Po Plain, are interpreted to reflect climatic and eustatic variations. Climatic oscillations, at the scale of the Bond cycles, controlled soil development and burial during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (P1 and P2). Rapid sea‐level oscillations probably induced soil development at the MIS 3/2 transition (P3) and favored burial of PH after 10 ka bp. Weakly developed paleosols in alluvial successions can provide clues to millennial‐scale climatic and environmental variations. In particular, the paleosol‐bearing succession of the Po Plain represents an unprecedent record of environmental changes across the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3 and 2) in the Mediterranean region.

中文翻译：

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波盆地（意大利北部）的更新世堆积古土壤的气候控制

古土壤是冲积演替过程中的经常性特征，并提供有关过去沉积动力学和气候变化的信息。通过对六个沉积物岩心的沉积学分析，研究了中世纪博洛尼亚“两塔”下方泥浆占主导的演替，深度低至100 m。确定了一系列发育较弱的古土壤（Inceptisols）。四个古土壤（P1，P2，P3和PH）被放射性碳定年至40–10 cal ka bp。有机物和CaCO ₃确定表明在土壤发育过程中地下水位较低，跨期<5 ka。在博洛尼亚地区和大埔平原其他地区同步发生的土壤发育和埋葬被解释为反映了气候和欢乐的变化。在海洋同位素阶段（MIS）3（P1和P2）期间，以邦德循环为尺度的气候振荡控制了土壤的发育和埋葬。快速的海平面振荡很可能导致MIS 3/2过渡期（P3）的土壤发育，并在10 ka bp后倾向于掩埋PH。冲积演替过程中发育较弱的古土壤可以为千年尺度的气候和环境变化提供线索。特别是大埔平原含古土壤的演替，是地中海地区晚更新世（MIS 3和2）环境变化的史无前例的记录。