The principal source rocks in the Outer Carpathians are organic‐rich shales in the Oligocene to Lower Miocene Menilite Formation. The average total organic carbon (TOC) content in the Menilite Formation is 4–8 wt%; the maximum measured is 26 wt%. Organic matter (OM) is oil‐prone Type II kerogen derived mainly from algae and cyanobacteria which was deposited under euxinic conditions. The thermal maturity of the Menilite shales varies significantly within the Outer Carpathians, both vertically in relation to burial depth and laterally in different tectonic units, and increases from external to internal parts of the orogenic belt. Maturity in general ranges from immature to different phases of the “oil window” and up to the “gas window”.

中文翻译：

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波兰和乌克兰外喀尔巴阡山脉中渐新世-下中新世红云母形成的地球化学特征：综述

外部喀尔巴阡山脉的主要烃源岩是渐新世至下中新世半月板岩组中富含有机质的页岩。半月板岩层中的平均总有机碳（TOC）含量为4-8 wt％。测得的最大值为26 wt％。有机物（OM）是易生油的II型干酪根，主要来源于藻类和蓝细菌，它们在富氧条件下沉积。在外部喀尔巴阡山脉中，门尼岩页岩的热成熟度在垂直方向上与埋藏深度有关，而在不同构造单元的横向上则有很大不同，并且在造山带的外部到内部都有所增加。通常，成熟度的范围从“油窗”的不成熟到不同阶段，一直到“气窗”。