Abstract Banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) are a small, freshwater fish that have a wide distribution in eastern North America and are considered a species-at-risk on the island of Newfoundland. We posit that because Newfoundland’s summer climate is much cooler than other locations at similar latitudes, there may be different constraints on banded killifish reproduction. We measured embryonic development under four temperatures (10, 16, 22, and 28 °C) and two conductivities (0.6 and 1.2 mS/cm). Warmer temperatures led to more developed embryos prior to death in embryos that ultimately did not hatch, higher hatch success, faster hatch time, and fewer thermal units to hatch. Conductivity and temperature interacted to affect hatch size. Therefore, banded killifish are likely challenged by the low temperature and conductivity conditions in Newfoundland which may result in reproductive constraints, and perhaps complete cohort failures in relatively cool summers.

中文翻译：

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带状鳉（Fundulus diaphanus）繁殖的阈值温度限制

摘要 带状鳉鱼 (Fundulus diaphanus) 是一种小型淡水鱼，广泛分布于北美洲东部，被认为是纽芬兰岛上的濒危物种。我们假设，由于纽芬兰的夏季气候比类似纬度的其他地方凉爽得多，因此对带状鳉鱼的繁殖可能存在不同的限制。我们在四种温度（10、16、22 和 28 °C）和两种电导率（0.6 和 1.2 mS/cm）下测量了胚胎发育。较高的温度导致胚胎在死亡之前发育更成熟，最终没有孵化，孵化成功率更高，孵化时间更快，孵化的热量单位更少。电导率和温度相互作用影响孵化尺寸。所以，