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The Ethics of Empathy: Walking a Fine Line in Forensic Evaluations
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice Pub Date : 2018-07-12 , DOI: 10.1080/24732850.2018.1490682
Abby L. Mulay 1 , Melanie Mivshek 2 , Holly Kaufman 3 , Mark H. Waugh 4
Affiliation  

Objectivity is often cited as the most important characteristic of the forensic evaluator. However, emerging evidence indicates bias continues to exist, despite evaluators’ best attempts to mitigate the influence of their internal processes. One type of bias, termed empathy bias, continues to engender debate in the field, as the evaluator’s experience of empathy has been conceptualized as a hindrance to the supposed objective forensic evaluation process. We conceptualize the issue of empathy as multipronged: a means to foster the assessment process, an instrument for gathering data, and an ethical imperative. From this point of view, we note empathy is a core characteristic fostered throughout clinical psychology doctoral training. Moreover, due to the well-documented bias associated with racial or ethnic minority status and the stigma of mental illness, the forensic evaluator’s experience of empathy for the individual being assessed likely enhances the interpersonal aspects of the evaluation process. However, the forensic literature often cautions the examiners to carefully manage their emotional reactions to defendants as a way in which to preserve the integrity of the evaluation. We argue that this caution is slightly off the mark, as the internal reaction of the examiner may provide valuable information to the evaluation process. Finally, we suggest further research is warranted in the forensic evaluator’s experience of empathy, as well as how empathy may either enhance or negatively influence the evaluation.



中文翻译:

移情的伦理:在司法鉴定中走一条细线

客观性通常被称为法医评估人员的最重要特征。但是,有新的证据表明,尽管评估人员尽最大努力减轻其内部流程的影响,偏见仍然存在。一种偏见,称为移情偏见,继续引起该领域的争论,因为评估人员的移情经历已被概念化为阻碍所谓的客观法证评估过程的障碍。我们将移情问题概念化为多方面的:促进评估过程的手段,收集数据的工具以及道德上的必要性。从这个角度来看,我们注意到同理心是整个临床心理学博士培训中培养的核心特征。此外,由于有据可查的与种族或少数族裔地位相关的偏见以及精神病的污名,法医评估人员对被评估者的同情心经验可能会增强评估过程中的人际关系。但是,法医文献经常警告审查员要谨慎处理他们对被告的情感反应,以保持评估的完整性。我们认为,这种谨慎是不合时宜的,因为审查员的内部反应可能会为评估过程提供有价值的信息。最后,我们建议在法医评估人员的同理心经历中,以及对同理心如何增强或负面影响评估的经验中,有必要做进一步的研究。法医评估员对被评估者的同情经历可能会增强评估过程中的人际关系。但是,法医文献经常警告审查员要谨慎处理他们对被告的情感反应,以保持评估的完整性。我们认为,这种谨慎是不合时宜的,因为审查员的内部反应可能会为评估过程提供有价值的信息。最后,我们建议在法医评估人员的同理心经历中,以及对同理心如何增强或负面影响评估的经验中,有必要做进一步的研究。法医评估员对被评估者的同情经历可能会增强评估过程中的人际关系。但是,法医文献经常警告审查员要谨慎处理他们对被告的情感反应,以保持评估的完整性。我们认为,这种谨慎是不合时宜的,因为审查员的内部反应可能会为评估过程提供有价值的信息。最后,我们建议在法医评估人员的同理心经历中,以及对同理心如何增强或负面影响评估的经验中,有必要做进一步的研究。法医学文献经常警告审查员要谨慎处理他们对被告的情感反应,以保持评估的完整性。我们认为,这种谨慎是不合时宜的,因为审查员的内部反应可能会为评估过程提供有价值的信息。最后,我们建议在法医评估人员的同理心经历中,以及对同理心如何增强或负面影响评估的经验中,有必要做进一步的研究。法医学文献经常警告审查员要谨慎处理他们对被告的情感反应,以保持评估的完整性。我们认为,这种谨慎是不合时宜的,因为审查员的内部反应可能会为评估过程提供有价值的信息。最后,我们建议在法医评估人员的同理心经历中,以及对同理心如何增强或负面影响评估的经验中,有必要做进一步的研究。

更新日期:2018-07-12
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