The probability of long‐term persistence of a population is strongly determined by adult survival rates, but estimates of survival are currently lacking for most species of birds in the tropical Andes, a global biodiversity hotspot. We calculated apparent survival rates of birds in the Ecuadorian tropical Andes using a moderately long‐term (11 yr) capture–recapture dataset from three habitats that varied in how much they had been modified by human activities (native forest, introduced forest, and shrubs). We fit mark–recapture models for 28 species with habitat as a covariable. For all species, recapture rates between sampling sessions were low and varied from 0.04 for Rainbow Starfrontlets (Coeligena iris) to 0.41 for Stripe‐headed Brushfinches (Arremon assimilis) when averaged across all occupied habitats. Annual survival rates varied from 0.07 for Black‐crested Warblers (Margarornis squamiger) to 0.75 for Violet‐throated Metaltails (Metallura baroni). We found no significant differences in survival rates either among habitats or species grouped by habitat specialization. Because we found similar survival rates in native forest and human‐modified habitats, our results support those of recent studies concerning the potential value of secondary habitats for the conservation of some species of birds in the tropics. However, our conclusions are tempered by the uncertainty around the estimates of survival rates. Despite the relatively long‐term nature of our study, obtaining survival estimates for bird species in this region was challenging, and either more years of study or modification of field protocols may be needed to obtain more precise survival estimates.

中文翻译：

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热带安第斯山脉不同生境中鸟类物种的生存估计

种群长期持久存在的可能性在很大程度上取决于成年成活率，但是目前全球热带生物多样性热点安第斯山脉中大多数鸟类的生存率尚缺乏估计。我们使用来自三个栖息地的中长期（11年）捕获-捕获数据集，计算了厄瓜多尔热带安第斯山脉鸟类的表观成活率，这三个栖息地因人类活动（原生林，引入林和灌木）而受到了不同程度的改变）。我们将栖息地作为协变量的28种物种的标记捕获模型进行拟合。对于所有物种，两次采样之间的捕获率都很低，从彩虹星前缘（虹膜鸢尾）的0.04到条纹头刷雀（Arremon assimilis）的0.41不等）的平均值在所有被占领的栖息地中。年生存率从黑冠莺（Margarornis squamiger）的0.07到紫喉金属尾（Metallura baroni）的0.75）。我们发现生境或按生境专业化分组的物种之间的成活率均无显着差异。因为我们在原生森林和人类改良的栖息地中发现了相似的成活率，所以我们的结果支持了有关次生栖息地对于保护热带地区某些鸟类的潜在价值的最新研究。但是，我们的结论受到生存率估计值不确定性的影响。尽管我们的研究具有相对长期的性质，但要获得该地区鸟类的生存估计仍具有挑战性，可能需要进行更多的研究或修改田间实验方案才能获得更精确的生存估计。