This study describes the development of the optimal control strategies of eight parallel heat pumps in an existing building. The building consists of seven floors above ground and two floors underground with a total floor area of 22,440 m². The chilled water generated by each of the eight parallel heat pumps runs through a common primary pipe to multiple air-handling units in the building. Because only one flowmeter and two thermometers (entering and exiting) are installed in the primary pipe, the heat removal rate and efficiency of each heat pump are unknown. The existing control of the heat pumps is as follows: if the chilled water return temperature in the primary pipe becomes greater than a predetermined temperature, the controller increases the number of operating heat pumps. The heat removal rate and efficiency of each heat pump were first identified using a Gaussian process (GP) machine-learning algorithm to develop the optimal control strategy of the eight heat pumps. Two GP models, one for estimating the heat removal rate and the other for estimating the coefficient of performance (COP), were developed based on the measured data for 27 days in July at the sampling time of 15 min. After developing the GP models, the authors applied a COP-based sequencing control strategy to the eight parallel heat pumps. The new optimal control strategy is to switch on the heat pumps in order from highest to lowest COP. Compared with the existing control logic, the new optimal control can reduce energy consumption by 20.9%.

这项研究描述了现有建筑物中八个并联热泵的最佳控制策略的发展。该建筑包括地上七层和地下两层，总建筑面积为22,440 m ²。八个并联的热泵中的每一个所产生的冷冻水通过一条公共的主管道流到建筑物中的多个空气处理单元。由于在主管中仅安装了一个流量计和两个温度计（进入和离开），因此每个热泵的排热率和效率是未知的。热泵的现有控制如下：如果主管中的冷水回流温度变得大于预定温度，则控制器会增加运行中的热泵的数量。首先使用高斯过程（GP）机器学习算法确定每个热泵的排热率和效率，以开发八个热泵的最佳控制策略。两个GP型号，根据7月份在15分钟的采样时间下27天的测量数据，开发了一种用于估算散热速率的方法，另一种用于估算性能系数（COP）的方法。在开发GP模型之后，作者将基于COP的顺序控制策略应用于八个并行热泵。新的最佳控制策略是按从最高COP到最低COP的顺序打开热泵。与现有的控制逻辑相比，新的最优控制可将能耗降低20.9％。新的最佳控制策略是按从最高COP到最低COP的顺序打开热泵。与现有的控制逻辑相比，新的最优控制可将能耗降低20.9％。新的最佳控制策略是按从最高COP到最低COP的顺序打开热泵。与现有的控制逻辑相比，新的最优控制可将能耗降低20.9％。