Geographical Indications (GIs) are increasingly important instruments of agricultural and food regulations and are growing as contentious issues in trade negotiations and disputes. GIs can improve welfare but they can also be a protectionist instrument. The EU has the most GIs in the world, but they are concentrated in the south of the EU. Even excluding wine, there are seven times more food GIs per capita in the southern EU Member States than in other EU Member States. This note discusses several factors which may explain the geographic concentration of GIs in the south of the EU.

中文翻译：

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没有风土在寒冷吗？关于地理标志地理的注释

地理标志（GI）日益成为农业和食品法规的重要工具，并且在贸易谈判和争端中正成为有争议的问题。地理标志可以改善福利，但它们也可以成为贸易保护主义手段。欧盟拥有世界上最多的地理标志，但它们集中在欧盟南部。即使不包括葡萄酒，欧盟南部成员国的人均食品地理标志也比其他欧盟成员国多七倍。本说明讨论了可能解释地理标志在欧盟南部集中的几个因素。