ABSTRACT We quantified the effectiveness of different soil protective mat compositions (brush, sawdust, combination of brush and sawdust) and densities (light density of 10 kg m−2 and heavy density of 20 kg m−2) on compaction and rutting on skid trails in mountainous forests following one, four, and 10 machine passes on two trail gradient classes (≤ 20% and > 20%). Soil bulk density and rut depth increased markedly with traffic frequency on both slope gradient classes on bare and protected soil, but soil protective mats delayed the onset of adverse soil responses and reduced the level of soil damage. Brush mats provided a more effective protection than sawdust and the combination of brush and sawdust and heavy density brush mats more so than light density mats. Compared to bare soil, heavy brush reinforcement significantly reduced bulk density for up to 10 passes on trail gradients ≤ 20% and four passes on gradients > 20%, regardless of soil protective mat composition. Light and heavy brush mats significantly reduced rut depth at all traffic frequencies on both slope classes. Because the effectiveness of soil protection afforded by the mats diminished with increasing traffic, brush mats provide a particularly effective protection for less trafficked trail segments where brush mats substantially diminished or even eliminated rutting altogether.

中文翻译：

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使用不同成分和数量的土壤保护垫对机器交通引起的土壤扰动强度的影响

摘要 我们量化了不同土壤保护垫组合物（刷子、锯末、刷子和锯末的组合）和密度（10 kg m-2 的轻密度和 20 kg m-2 的重密度）对滑道上的压实和车辙的有效性在山地森林中，经过 1、4 和 10 次机器通过两个坡度等级（≤ 20% 和 > 20%）。在裸露和受保护土壤的两个坡度梯度等级上，土壤容重和车辙深度随着交通频率显着增加，但土壤保护垫延迟了不利土壤反应的发生并降低了土壤破坏程度。刷垫比锯末提供更有效的保护，刷和锯末和重密度刷垫的组合比轻密度垫更有效。与裸土相比，无论土壤保护垫的成分如何，重刷加固显着降低了堆积密度，在坡度≤ 20% 的情况下最多可通过 10 次，在坡度 > 20% 的情况下最多可通过 4 次。在两个斜坡等级的所有交通频率下，轻型和重型刷垫都显着降低了车辙深度。由于地垫提供的土壤保护效果随着交通量的增加而降低，因此刷地垫为人流量较少的小径路段提供了特别有效的保护，其中刷地垫大大减少了甚至完全消除了车辙。