Two datasets of soil temperature observations collected at Norman, Oklahoma, USA, were analysed to study horizontal and vertical variability in their observations. The first dataset comprised 15‐min resolution soil temperature observations from 20 September 2011 to 18 November 2013 in seven plots across a 10‐m transect. In each plot, sensors were located at depths of 5, 10, and 30 cm. All seven plots observed fairly consistent maximum soil temperature observations during the spring, fall, and winter months. Starting in late May, the observed spread in soil temperatures across the 10‐m transect increased significantly until August when the observed spread in temperatures decreased. The range of observed minimum soil temperature was more consistent year‐round at the shallower depths, but showed similar patterns to the maximum soil temperature ranges at deeper depths. The second dataset comprised 15‐min resolution soil temperature observations from 20 November 2013 to 1 December 2015 in a single plot at the same location as the first dataset. Soil temperature sensors were placed every 2 cm from the surface down to 40 cm deep to study the vertical variability in soil temperature measurements (focusing on a winter and a summer case). Both winter and summer conditions showed that the temperature differences between depths behaved logarithmically with the shallower depths having larger differences than deeper depths.

中文翻译：

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观测土壤温度的水平和垂直变化

分析了在美国俄克拉荷马州诺曼市收集的两个土壤温度观测数据集，以研究其观测值的水平和垂直变化。第一个数据集包括从2011年9月20日到2013年11月18日的15分钟分辨率的土壤温度观测，分布在10米长的样带上的7个样地中。在每个图中，传感器位于5、10和30厘米的深度处。在春季，秋季和冬季，所有七个地块均观测到相当一致的最高土壤温度观测值。从5月下旬开始，观察到的跨10m样带的土壤温度分布显着增加，直到8月观测到的温度分布减小。在较浅的深度处，全年观测到的最低土壤温度范围更加一致，但在更深的深度处显示出与最高土壤温度范围相似的模式。第二个数据集包含2013年11月20日至2015年12月1日15分钟分辨率的土壤温度观测值，位于与第一个数据集相同位置的单个图中。每隔2厘米从地面向下至40厘米深处放置一个土壤温度传感器，以研究土壤温度测量的垂直变化（重点是冬季和夏季）。冬季和夏季条件均表明，深度之间的温差呈对数关系，浅深度的差异大于深深度。每隔2厘米从地面向下至40厘米深处放置一个土壤温度传感器，以研究土壤温度测量的垂直变化（重点是冬季和夏季）。冬季和夏季条件均表明，深度之间的温差呈对数关系，浅深度的差异大于深深度。每隔2厘米从地面向下至40厘米深处放置一个土壤温度传感器，以研究土壤温度测量的垂直变化（重点是冬季和夏季）。冬季和夏季条件均表明，深度之间的温差呈对数关系，浅深度的差异大于深深度。