Abstract An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks.

中文翻译：

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自然区域步行道的预计旅行时间

摘要 自然区域步行或远足活动的增加需要改进有关步道的信息和建议，包括步道的难度、可用的服务和估计的旅行时间。比较研究表明，通过可用的预测程序（奈史密斯规则、托布勒远足函数或 MIDE）获得的测量和计算旅行时间之间存在显着差异。通过结合现有方法（Tobler's 和 MIDE）设计了一个新程序，并计算了位于西班牙不同自然保护区的 21 条小径的行程时间。获得的时间与个人用户测量的旅行时间进行比较，并上传到专门的步行徒步旅行网站 (Wikiloc)。结果表明，新程序（Modified Tobler）减少了计算和测量旅行时间之间的差异，