ABSTRACT Landscape is a dynamic, multi-layered, spatial–temporal system. It mirrors the results of human–nature interactions, encompassing both material and perceived reality. Landscape assessment requires transdisciplinarity that we achieve by discussing and combining three approaches: landscape character assessment (LCA), historic land-cover (LC) change analysis and narratives of local residents on landscape perception. The Austro-Hungarian transboundary study area around Lake Fertő, a world heritage cultural landscape, was divided by a state border after First World War. It provides a good example for the divergent evolution of the same biophysical landscape due to the different political and socio-economic influences. Results of the study highlight methodological issues concerning the combination of quantitative and qualitative data and the inclusion of local knowledge in the LCA. The historical cartographic analysis presents the significant differences in LC transition processes in the Austrian and the Hungarian sides of the area, resulting in dissimilarities in landscape character. The study shows the differences in landscape conceptualization and the perceptions of landscape researchers and local residents. Mutual understanding helps communication to preserve the unique landscape qualities and avoid landscape degradation by enhancing environmental awareness and facilitating common landscape management strategies.

中文翻译：

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跨界景观研究的跨学科方法：以奥匈帝国跨界景观为例

摘要 景观是一个动态的、多层次的、时空系统。它反映了人与自然相互作用的结果，包括物质现实和感知现实。景观评估需要跨学科，我们通过讨论和结合三种方法来实现：景观特征评估 (LCA)、历史土地覆盖 (LC) 变化分析和当地居民对景观感知的叙述。世界遗产文化景观 Fertő 湖周围的奥匈帝国跨界研究区在第一次世界大战后被国界分隔开来。由于不同的政治和社会经济影响，它为同一生物物理景观的不同演变提供了一个很好的例子。研究结果突出了与定量和定性数据相结合以及将本地知识纳入 LCA 的方法论问题。历史制图分析显示了该地区奥地利和匈牙利两侧 LC 过渡过程的显着差异，导致景观特征的不同。该研究显示了景观概念化以及景观研究人员和当地居民的看法的差异。相互理解有助于沟通，通过提高环境意识和促进共同的景观管理策略来保护独特的景观品质并避免景观退化。历史制图分析显示了该地区奥地利和匈牙利两侧 LC 过渡过程的显着差异，导致景观特征的不同。该研究显示了景观概念化以及景观研究人员和当地居民的看法的差异。相互理解有助于沟通，通过提高环境意识和促进共同的景观管理策略来保护独特的景观品质并避免景观退化。历史制图分析显示了该地区奥地利和匈牙利两侧 LC 过渡过程的显着差异，导致景观特征的不同。该研究显示了景观概念化以及景观研究人员和当地居民的看法的差异。相互理解有助于沟通，通过提高环境意识和促进共同的景观管理策略来保护独特的景观品质并避免景观退化。