Radiometric and palynological data of the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Soma Formation from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin yield new results related to age and palynological contents. In this study, Upper Oligocene strata from the Danişment and Linfa areas and Lower Miocene strata from the Bengiler area were sampled palynologically and for radiometric dating. The Danişment assemblage, which is older than the Linfa assemblages, mainly contains coniferous and evergreen to deciduous mixed mesophytic forest elements. Relatively high quantities of the altitudinal plants Picea and Abies, indicate a cooler palaeoclimate. The Linfa associations mainly include coniferous and riparian elements. Pollen of the riparian plant Alnus and Taxodiaceae indicative for the swamp forest community was predominant, probably as a result of a high lake level. There is a hiatus during the Oligocene–Miocene transition, probably showing a non-depositional phase and sea-level fall indicating the Mi-1 glaciation event. Higher in the sequence, the Aquitanian Bengiler sediments include high amounts of coniferous forest elements as well as components indicative for the evergreen and deciduous mesophytic forest and also riparian forest and swamp forest. Due to presence of thermophilous taxa Reveesia, Mastixiaceae and Arecaceae, a warm and humid palaeoclimate is inferred according to quantitative analyses using the Coexistence Approach.

中文翻译：

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基于来自 Kalkım-Gönen 盆地（土耳其西北部）的花粉数据的晚渐新世-早中新世古生态学

来自 Kalkım-Gönen 盆地的上渐新世-下中新世 Soma 组的放射性和孢粉学数据产生了与年龄和孢粉学内容相关的新结果。在这项研究中，对来自 Danişment 和 Linfa 地区的上渐新世地层和来自 Bengiler 地区的下中新世地层进行孢粉学采样和放射性测年。Danişment 组合比 Linfa 组合更古老，主要包含针叶、常绿到落叶混合中生林元素。高海拔植物云杉和冷杉数量相对较多，表明古气候较冷。林法组合主要包括针叶和河岸元素。代表沼泽森林群落的河岸植物桤木和杉科的花粉占主导地位，可能是湖水位高的结果。在渐新世-中新世过渡期间有一个中断，可能显示出非沉积阶段和海平面下降表明 Mi-1 冰川事件。Aquitanian Bengiler 沉积物在序列的较高位置包括大量针叶林元素以及指示常绿和落叶中生林以及河岸林和沼泽林的成分。由于存在嗜热类群 Reveesia、Mastixiaceae 和 Arecaceae，根据使用共存方法的定量分析，推断出温暖潮湿的古气候。Aquitanian Bengiler 沉积物包括大量针叶林元素以及指示常绿和落叶中生林以及河岸林和沼泽林的成分。由于存在嗜热类群 Reveesia、Mastixiaceae 和 Arecaceae，根据使用共存方法的定量分析，推断出温暖潮湿的古气候。Aquitanian Bengiler 沉积物包括大量针叶林元素以及指示常绿和落叶中生林以及河岸林和沼泽林的成分。由于存在嗜热类群 Reveesia、Mastixiaceae 和 Arecaceae，根据使用共存方法的定量分析，推断出温暖潮湿的古气候。