The frequency and magnitude of extreme summer temperature events in the United States have increased in the past few decades. Long‐term exposure to extreme summer temperatures can be detrimental to human health, due to potential risks of dehydration and thermoregulation strains on the cardiovascular system, which may often lead to heat‐related mortality (HRM). The summer climate of the United States is influenced by variability in Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperatures, driven in part by Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and El‐Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. However, the influence of AMO and ENSO on HRM in the United States has not been investigated. Here the longest time series of HRM spanning the past five decades is analyzed in relation with AMO and ENSO. We find that HRM doubled in the early‐1990s, coinciding with the positive phase of the AMO. Furthermore, we note a positive association between the variability in HRM and summer temperatures across all regions of the United States, with the strongest association found over the Southern United States. Therefore, this research suggests that variability in Atlantic and Pacific sea surface temperatures has both a nationwide and regional impact on HRM in the United States. Hence, by understanding variability in sea surface temperatures, the future burden of heat‐attributed emergencies during extreme summer temperature events can be reduced not only for the United States, but also worldwide.

中文翻译：

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大西洋和太平洋海面温度对美国热相关死亡率的影响


过去几十年来，美国夏季极端气温事件的频率和强度有所增加。长期暴露在夏季极端气温下可能对人类健康有害，因为存在脱水和心血管系统温度调节压力的潜在风险，这通常可能导致热相关死亡（HRM）。美国夏季气候受到大西洋和太平洋海面温度变化的影响，部分原因分别是大西洋多年代际涛动（AMO）和厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）。然而，AMO和ENSO对美国HRM的影响尚未被调查。这里分析了过去 50 年最长的 HRM 时间序列与 AMO 和 ENSO 的关系。我们发现 HRM 在 20 世纪 90 年代初翻了一番，与 AMO 的积极阶段一致。此外，我们注意到美国所有地区的 HRM 变异性与夏季气温之间存在正相关关系，其中美国南部的相关性最强。因此，这项研究表明，大西洋和太平洋海面温度的变化对美国的人力资源管理具有全国性和区域性的影响。因此，通过了解海面温度的变化，不仅可以减轻美国，而且可以减轻全世界在夏季极端温度事件期间由热引起的紧急情况的未来负担。