We evaluated the relationship of drinking water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality using Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Point data of groundwater electrical conductivity (EC)— a measure of salinity—were collated from the Bangladesh Water Development Board and digitizing salinity contour map. Data for groundwater dissolved elements (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) data came from a national hydrochemistry survey in Bangladesh. Point EC and dissolved minerals data were then interpolated over entire Bangladesh and extracted to each cluster location, the primary sampling unit of Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys. We used restricted cubic splines and survey design‐specific logistic regression models to determine the relationship of water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality. A U‐shaped association between drinking water salinity and neonatal and infant mortality was found, suggesting higher mortality when salinity was very low and high. Compared to mildly saline (EC ≥0.7 and < 2 mS/cm) water drinkers, freshwater (EC < 0.7 mS/cm) drinkers had 1.37 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.84) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.89) times higher infant mortality. Compared to mildly saline water drinkers, severe‐saline (EC ≥10 mS/cm) water drinkers had 1.77 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.68) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.76) times higher infant mortality. We found that mild‐salinity water had a high concentration of calcium and magnesium, whereas severe‐salinity water had a high concentration of sodium. Freshwater had the least concentrations of salubrious calcium and magnesium.

中文翻译：

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根据2000年至2014年孟加拉国人口健康调查，对地下水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率的关系进行建模

我们使用2000年，2004年，2007年，2011年和2014年的孟加拉国人口健康调查评估了饮用水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率的关系。从孟加拉国整理了地下水电导率（EC）（一种盐度的量度）的点数据。水资源开发委员会和数字化盐度等值线图。地下水中溶解元素（钠，钙，镁和钾）的数据来自孟加拉国的一次国家水化学调查。然后，在整个孟加拉国内插点EC和溶解的矿物质数据，并将其提取到孟加拉国人口健康调查的主要抽样单位-每个聚类位置。我们使用受限的三次样条和调查设计特定的逻辑回归模型来确定水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率的关系。发现了饮用水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率之间的AU形关联，表明当盐度非常低或很高时，死亡率更高。与轻度盐水（EC≥0.7和<2 mS / cm）饮水器相比，淡水（EC <0.7 mS / cm）饮水器新生儿死亡率高1.37倍（95％CI：1.01、1.84）倍，而新生儿死亡率高1.43（95％CI：婴儿死亡率高出1.08、1.89）倍。与轻度盐水饮水器相比，重度盐水（EC≥10 mS / cm）饮水器新生儿死亡率高1.77（95％CI：1.17，2.68）倍，婴儿死亡率高1.93（95％CI：1.35，2.76） 。我们发现，中度盐度的水中钙和镁含量很高，而中度盐度的水中钠含量很高。淡水中的钙和镁含量最低。