We evaluated the relationship of drinking water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality using Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Point data of groundwater electrical conductivity (EC)— a measure of salinity—were collated from the Bangladesh Water Development Board and digitizing salinity contour map. Data for groundwater dissolved elements (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) data came from a national hydrochemistry survey in Bangladesh. Point EC and dissolved minerals data were then interpolated over entire Bangladesh and extracted to each cluster location, the primary sampling unit of Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys. We used restricted cubic splines and survey design‐specific logistic regression models to determine the relationship of water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality. A U‐shaped association between drinking water salinity and neonatal and infant mortality was found, suggesting higher mortality when salinity was very low and high. Compared to mildly saline (EC ≥0.7 and < 2 mS/cm) water drinkers, freshwater (EC < 0.7 mS/cm) drinkers had 1.37 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.84) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.89) times higher infant mortality. Compared to mildly saline water drinkers, severe‐saline (EC ≥10 mS/cm) water drinkers had 1.77 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.68) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.76) times higher infant mortality. We found that mild‐salinity water had a high concentration of calcium and magnesium, whereas severe‐salinity water had a high concentration of sodium. Freshwater had the least concentrations of salubrious calcium and magnesium.

中文翻译：

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根据 2000 年至 2014 年孟加拉国人口健康调查模拟地下水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率的关系


我们利用 2000 年、2004 年、2007 年、2011 年和 2014 年孟加拉国人口健康调查评估了饮用水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率的关系。地下水电导率 (EC)（一种盐度测量方法）的点数据整理自孟加拉国水资源开发委员会和数字化盐度等高线图。地下水溶解元素（钠、钙、镁和钾）数据来自孟加拉国国家水化学调查。然后将 EC 点和溶解矿物质数据插值到整个孟加拉国，并提取到每个聚类位置，即孟加拉国人口健康调查的主要抽样单位。我们使用限制三次样条和调查设计特定的逻辑回归模型来确定水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率的关系。研究发现饮用水盐度与新生儿和婴儿死亡率之间存在 AU 形关联，这表明盐度非常低和很高时死亡率较高。与饮用淡盐水（EC ≥0.7 和 < 2 mS/cm）的人相比，饮用淡水（EC < 0.7 mS/cm）的新生儿死亡率高出 1.37（95% CI：1.01，1.84）倍，高出 1.43（95% CI：婴儿死亡率高 1.08, 1.89) 倍。与轻度盐水饮用者相比，重度盐水（EC ≥10 mS/cm）饮用者的新生儿死亡率高出 1.77（95% CI：1.17，2.68）倍，婴儿死亡率高出 1.93（95% CI：1.35，2.76）倍。 。我们发现，轻度盐度水含有高浓度的钙和镁，而重度盐度水则含有高浓度的钠。淡水中有益健康的钙和镁的浓度最低。