Metastasis is an intricate process which involves the proliferation of a tumour to distant parts of the body from its original site. To successfully colonize a distant area in the body, a cancer cell must complete a series before it becomes clinically detectable. These steps involve a large number of proteins indulging in various pathways. Proteins such as matriptase require serine protease for activation, processing and degradation of any signal. Stim1/Orai1 controls the Ca²⁺ channel which is important for cell migration. Sox protein plays a vital role in various cellular activities and the disruption of its gene plays a role in instigating invasion. Unlike the above three, Metadherin has an inhibitory role to play. Protein inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); thus the loss of metadherin evokes metastasis. These proteins play a role in amalgamation with various pathways such as the AKT E-cadherin and EMT pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, integrin-linked kinase (ILK) – integrin signalling pathway, PI3K/AKT and notch signalling pathway. In this article, we have combined various proteins and pathways that work in coordination to result in a metastatic colony. There are two major events that occur during metastasis, that is epithelial–mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal–epithelial transition. Both these events are an indispensable part for metastasis.

转移是一个复杂的过程，涉及肿瘤从原始部位扩散到人体的远处。为了成功地在人体的一个远处定居，癌细胞必须完成一系列实验才能被临床检测到。这些步骤涉及大量沉迷于各种途径的蛋白质。诸如matriptase之类的蛋白质需要丝氨酸蛋白酶来激活，处理和降解任何信号。Stim1 / Orai1控制Ca ²⁺通道对于细胞迁移很重要。Sox蛋白在各种细胞活动中起着至关重要的作用，其基因的破坏在促使侵袭中发挥作用。与上述三种不同，Metadherin具有抑制作用。蛋白质抑制上皮-间质转化（EMT）；因此，Metadherin的丢失会引起转移。这些蛋白质在多种途径的融合中发挥作用，例如AKT E-钙粘蛋白和EMT途径，PI3K / AKT途径，整联蛋白连接激酶（ILK）–整联蛋白信号传导途径，PI3K / AKT和缺口信号传导途径。在本文中，我们结合了各种蛋白质和途径，这些蛋白质和途径协同作用以导致转移菌落。转移过程中发生两个主要事件，即上皮-间质转化和间充质-上皮转化。