The fishing industry of the western and central regions of the coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGoA) directly employs over 17,000 people and processes fish with a wholesale value of US$618 million annually. Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) are a valued groundfish species because of the high quality of their flesh. In contrast, arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) are much more abundant but of low value because their flesh degrades upon heating. Both are high trophic level predators but play different roles in the ecosystem because of differences in abundance and diet. Using an end‐to‐end ecosystem model, we evaluate the impact of alternate levels of fishing effort and large‐scale changes in oceanographic conditions upon both species, the ecosystem, and the fishing economy. Reduction of longline efforts to reduce Pacific halibut mortality led to reduction in total value of all CGoA landings but increase in value landed by sport fisheries, trawl fleets, and fish pot vessels as they exploit a greater share of available halibut, sablefish, and Pacific cod. Increased trawl effort to raise arrowtooth flounder mortality led to increase in total value of all landings but large reductions in value landed by longline, jig, fish pot, and sport fleets with greater competition for available Pacific cod, halibut, and sablefish. Oceanographic conditions that enhance pelagic food chains at the expense of benthic food chains negatively impact groundfish in general, though Pacific halibut and arrowtooth flounder are resilient to these effects because of the high importance of pelagic fish in their diets.

中文翻译：

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比较太平洋大比目鱼和箭齿比目鱼在阿拉斯加湾生态系统和渔业经济中的作用

阿拉斯加沿海（CGoA）西部和中部地区的渔业直接雇用超过17,000名员工，每年加工鱼的批发价值为6.18亿美元。太平洋大比目鱼（Hippoglossus stenolepis）是一种重要的底层鱼类，因为其肉质高。相反，箭齿比目鱼（Atheresthes stomias）的果肉丰富得多，但价值较低，因为它们的肉在加热时会降解。两者都是高营养水平的天敌，但由于丰度和饮食的差异，它们在生态系统中扮演着不同的角色。使用端到端的生态系统模型，我们评估了不同水平的捕捞努力和海洋学条件的大规模变化对物种，生态系统和捕捞经济的影响。减少长期努力以减少太平洋大比目鱼的死亡率导致降低了所有CGoA着陆的总价值，但由于体育渔业，拖网船队和鱼缸船利用了更多的大比目鱼，黑鳕和太平洋鳕鱼，它们的登陆价值增加了。拖网努力增加了箭齿比目鱼的死亡率，导致所有着陆的总价值增加，但延绳钓，夹具，鱼缸和运动船队的着陆价值大幅下降，对可用的太平洋鳕鱼，大比目鱼和黑貂的竞争更加激烈。尽管太平洋大比目鱼和箭齿比目鱼由于中上层鱼类在饮食中的高度重要性而对底栖鱼类产生不利影响，但海洋条件通常会损害底层鱼类，从而对中层食物链产生不利影响。