Forage fish quantity and quality have important effects on the ecology and vital rates of marine top predators, including seabirds (Suryan et al., 2002), marine mammals (Trites & Donnelly, 2003), and large predatory fish (Rose & O'Driscoll, 2002). In particular, the “junk food” hypothesis describes ways in which lower food qual‐ ity may negatively affect marine predator population parameters (Alverson, 1992; Rosen & Trites, 2000; reviewed by Osterblom, Olsson, Blenckner, & Furness, 2008). While it has been well estab‐ lished that prey quality is important to aspects of predator success, drivers of variation in quality remain poorly understood. Only a few studies have been conducted over a long enough period of time to examine interannual or lower‐frequency variation in prey quality (Carscadden, Montevecchi, Davoren, & Nakashima, 2002; Wanless, Harris, Newell, Speakman, & Daunt, 2018; Wanless, Harris, Redman, & Speakman, 2005). Developing a robust understanding of variation in prey size and energetic value is becoming more important with Received: 28 January 2019 | Revised: 9 May 2019 | Accepted: 16 May 2019 DOI: 10.1111/fog.12443

中文翻译：

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海洋气候对阿拉斯加湾饲料鱼长度和状况的影响

饲料鱼的数量和质量对海洋顶级捕食者的生态和生命率具有重要影响，包括海鸟（Suryan 等人，2002 年）、海洋哺乳动物（Trites & Donnelly，2003 年）和大型掠食性鱼类（Rose & O'Driscoll , 2002)。特别是，“垃圾食品”假说描述了较低的食物质量可能对海洋捕食者种群参数产生负面影响的方式（Alverson，1992；Rosen & Trites，2000；由 Osterblom、Olsson、Blenckner 和 Furness，2008 评论）。虽然猎物质量对捕食者成功的各个方面很重要，但人们对质量变化的驱动因素仍然知之甚少。只有少数研究在足够长的时间内进行，以检查猎物质量的年际或低频变化（Carscadden、Montevecchi、Davoren 和 中岛，2002；Wanless、Harris、Newell、Speakman 和 Daunt，2018 年；Wanless、Harris、Redman 和 Speakman，2005 年）。随着 Received: 28 January 2019 | 深入了解猎物大小和能量值的变化变得越来越重要 修订日期：2019 年 5 月 9 日 | 接受：2019 年 5 月 16 日 DOI：10.1111/fog.12443