Global climate change (GCC) increasingly threatens biodiversity through the loss of species, and the transformation of entire ecosystems. Many species are challenged by the pace of GCC because they might not be able to respond fast enough to changing biotic and abiotic conditions. Species can respond either by shifting their range, or by persisting in their local habitat. If populations persist, they can tolerate climatic changes through phenotypic plasticity, or genetically adapt to changing conditions depending on their genetic variability and census population size to allow for de novo mutations. Otherwise, populations will experience demographic collapses and species may go extinct. Current approaches to predicting species responses to GCC begin to combine ecological and evolutionary information for species distribution modelling. Including an evolutionary dimension will substantially improve species distribution projections which have not accounted for key processes such as dispersal, adaptive genetic change, demography, or species interactions. However, eco‐evolutionary models require new data and methods for the estimation of a species' adaptive potential, which have so far only been available for a small number of model species. To represent global biodiversity, we need to devise large‐scale data collection strategies to define the ecology and evolutionary potential of a broad range of species, especially of keystone species of ecosystems. We also need standardized and replicable modelling approaches that integrate these new data to account for eco‐evolutionary processes when predicting the impact of GCC on species' survival. Here, we discuss different genomic approaches that can be used to investigate and predict species responses to GCC. This can serve as guidance for researchers looking for the appropriate experimental setup for their particular system. We furthermore highlight future directions for moving forward in the field and allocating available resources more effectively, to implement mitigation measures before species go extinct and ecosystems lose important functions.

中文翻译：

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进化基因组学可以改善物种对气候变化反应的预测

全球气候变化（GCC）通过物种流失和整个生态系统的转变日益威胁生物多样性。GCC的步伐使许多物种面临挑战，因为它们可能无法迅速响应不断变化的生物和非生物条件。物种可以通过改变其范围或留在其本地栖息地来作出反应。如果种群持续存在，它们可以通过表型可塑性耐受气候变化，或者可以根据其遗传变异性和人口普查种群规模从基因上适应不断变化的条件，以实现从头突变。否则，人口将经历人口崩溃，物种可能灭绝。当前预测物种对GCC的反应的方法开始将生态和进化信息结合起来，用于物种分布建模。包括进化方面的内容将大大改善物种分布预测，而这些分布并未考虑到关键过程，例如分散，适应性遗传变化，人口统计学或物种相互作用。但是，生态进化模型需要新的数据和方法来估计物种的适应性潜力，迄今为止，这些数据和方法仅适用于少数模型物种。为了代表全球生物多样性，我们需要设计大规模的数据收集策略，以定义各种物种特别是生态系统关键物种的生态和进化潜力。我们还需要标准化和可复制的建模方法，这些方法可以在预测GCC对物种生存的影响时，将这些新数据整合到生态进化过程中。这里，我们讨论了可用于调查和预测物种对GCC的反应的不同基因组方法。这可以为研究人员寻找针对其特定系统的适当实验设置提供指导。我们进一步强调了未来的方向，以推动该领域的发展并更有效地分配可用资源，在物种灭绝和生态系统丧失重要功能之前实施缓解措施。