Evolutionary adaptation is generally thought to occur through incremental mutational steps, but large mutational leaps can occur during its early stages. These are challenging to study in nature due to the difficulty of observing new genetic variants as they arise and spread, but characterizing their genomic dynamics is important for understanding factors favoring rapid adaptation. Here, we report genomic consequences of recent, adaptive song loss in a Hawaiian population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). A discrete genetic variant, flatwing, appeared and spread approximately 15 years ago. Flatwing erases sound‐producing veins on male wings. These silent flatwing males are protected from a lethal, eavesdropping parasitoid fly. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the cricket genome, produced a linkage map, and identified a flatwing quantitative trait locus covering a large region of the X chromosome. Gene expression profiling showed that flatwing is associated with extensive genome‐wide effects on embryonic gene expression. We found that flatwing male crickets express feminized chemical pheromones. This male feminizing effect, on a different sexual signaling modality, is genetically associated with the flatwing genotype. Our findings suggest that the early stages of evolutionary adaptation to extreme pressures can be accompanied by greater genomic and phenotypic disruption than previously appreciated, and highlight how abrupt adaptation might involve suites of traits that arise through pleiotropy or genomic hitchhiking.

中文翻译：

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的基因组揭示了野外最近突然适应的足迹

一般认为进化适应是通过增量突变步骤发生的，但是在其早期阶段可能会发生较大的突变。由于难以观察新的遗传变异的出现和传播，因此在自然界中进行研究具有挑战性，但是表征其基因组动力学对于了解有利于快速适应的因素非常重要。在这里，我们报道了夏威夷田field（Teleogryllus oceanicus）最近适应性歌曲丢失的基因组后果。大约15年前出现并散布了扁平的离散遗传变异。平翼消除雄性机翼上的发声静脉。这些沉默的flat蝇雄性受到保护，免受致命的，窃听的寄生蜂的袭击。我们对，基因组进行了测序，组装和注释，生成了连锁图谱，并鉴定了覆盖X染色体大部分区域的扁平定量性状基因座。基因表达谱分析表明扁平化与全基因组范围内对胚胎基因表达的广泛影响有关。我们发现flat翼的雄表达女性化的信息素。这种男性女性化作用，对另一种性信号方式的影响，与扁平化有遗传联系基因型。我们的发现表明，对极端压力的进化适应的早期阶段可能伴随着比以前认识到的更大的基因组和表型破坏，并突显了突然的适应可能涉及通过多效性或基因组搭便车而产生的一系列特征。