Abstract The United States contributes only 0.2% of the 18,814 MW of global installed offshore wind capacity. Lack of development has been attributed in part to a cumbersome regulatory process that includes the evaluation of environmental impacts. Assessments are based on biological, social, and technical data that are often incomplete. Marine spatial planning (MSP) may help fill data gaps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand (1) whether a lack of biological data impedes offshore wind environmental assessments, (2) whether MSP could mitigate these impediments, and (3) whether MSP could advance offshore wind development in the U.S. in other ways. Most informants stated that a lack of biological data in offshore wind environmental assessments was problematic due to incomplete data, uncertainty of data, and mismatched scales. Data issues may be mitigated by creation of data products and increased communication, outcomes of MSP that may benefit the regulatory process by increasing data availability, resolving conflicts among users, and providing a common operating picture. Challenges remain in integrating MSP into the processes of siting and permitting offshore wind, but it provides a strategic framework for the systematic identification, collection, collation, analyses, application, and management of data in the offshore wind environmental regulatory process.

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利益相关者对推进美国海上风电的海洋空间规划价值的看法

摘要 美国仅占全球海上风电装机容量 18,814 MW 的 0.2%。缺乏发展部分归因于繁琐的监管过程，其中包括对环境影响的评估。评估基于通常不完整的生物学、社会和技术数据。海洋空间规划 (MSP) 可能有助于填补数据空白。我们对关键知情人进行了半结构化访谈，以了解 (1) 缺乏生物数据是否会阻碍海上风电环境评估，(2) MSP 是否可以减轻这些障碍，以及 (3) MSP 是否可以促进美国的海上风电开发以其他方式。大多数受访者表示，由于数据不完整、数据不确定、缺乏生物数据，海上风环境评估存在问题。和不匹配的尺度。数据问题可以通过创建数据产品和增加沟通来缓解，MSP 的结果可以通过增加数据可用性、解决用户之间的冲突和提供通用操作图来有益于监管过程。将 MSP 整合到海上风电选址和许可过程中仍然存在挑战，但它为海上风电环境监管过程中数据的系统识别、收集、整理、分析、应用和管理提供了战略框架。