Objective: The current study aimed to systematically review the literature pertaining to childhood anxiety treatment, to clarify if involving both parents in cognitive behaviour therapy treatment (Parent-child CBT; PCBT) is more effective than child only treatments (Individual CBT; ICBT). Method: PsychINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies comparing child only CBT for childhood anxiety (ICBT) to CBT for the anxious child and both their parents, or CBT for the child along with some form of separate parent training or education for both the parents (PCBT). The mean age of the child participants had to be between 7 and 13 years. Results: Five articles met inclusion criteria and compared a PCBT that had mother and father involvement to an ICBT. Two meta-analyses comparing PCBT and ICBT on the number of children free from their anxiety disorder immediately post-treatment and 1-year post-treatment follow-up were conducted. At the immediately post-treatment analysis, significant and moderate to high heterogeneity was found. No significant advantage for PCBT or ICBT was observed for either time-point analysis. Upon comparison of analyses, no significant difference between time-points for either treatment was found. Conclusions:Results suggest that PCBT and ICBT are equally efficacious childhood anxiety treatments with no delayed effects. It is recommended that clinicians consider the need to include parents on a case-by-case basis. Future research should attempt to include both mothers and fathers in any parental interventions. The current findings are limited by the quality and methodology of the existing literature and should be considered in respect of this.

中文翻译：

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父母对儿童焦虑症治疗的贡献：元分析综述

目的：本研究旨在系统地回顾有关儿童焦虑症治疗的文献，以阐明让父母双方参与认知行为治疗（亲子 CBT；PCBT）是否比仅儿童治疗（个人 CBT；ICBT）更有效。方法：在 PsychINFO、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆中搜索研究，将仅针对儿童焦虑症 (ICBT) 的儿童 CBT 与针对焦虑儿童及其父母的 CBT，或针对儿童的 CBT 以及某种形式进行比较对父母双方进行单独的父母培训或教育 (PCBT)。儿童参与者的平均年龄必须在 7 至 13 岁之间。结果：五篇文章符合纳入标准，并将父母参与的 PCBT 与 ICBT 进行了比较。进行了两项荟萃分析，比较 PCBT 和 ICBT 在治疗后立即摆脱焦虑症的儿童数量和治疗后 1 年的随访。在治疗后立即进行的分析中，发现了显着和中度至高度的异质性。对于任一时间点分析，均未观察到 PCBT 或 ICBT 的显着优势。通过比较分析，发现两种治疗的时间点之间没有显着差异。结论：结果表明 PCBT 和 ICBT 是同样有效的儿童焦虑症治疗方法，没有延迟效应。建议临床医生根据具体情况考虑是否需要包括父母。未来的研究应该尝试将母亲和父亲都包括在任何父母干预中。