We present a new phylogeny of the spider family Araneidae based on five genes (28S, 18S, COI, H3 and 16S) for 158 taxa, identified and mainly sequenced by us. This includes 25 outgroups and 133 araneid ingroups representing the subfamilies Zygiellinae Simon, 1929, Nephilinae Simon, 1894, and the typical araneids, here informally named the “ARA Clade”. The araneid genera analysed here include roughly 90% of all currently named araneid species. The ARA Clade is the primary focus of this analysis. In taxonomic terms, outgroups comprise 22 genera and 11 families, and the ingroup comprises three Zygiellinae and four Nephilinae genera, and 85 ARA Clade genera (ten new). Within the ARA Clade, we recognize ten informal groups that contain at least three genera each and are supported under Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95): “Caerostrines” (Caerostris, Gnolus and Testudinaria), “Micrathenines” (Acacesia, Micrathena, Ocrepeira, Scoloderus and Verrucosa), “Eriophorines” (Acanthepeira, Alpaida, Eriophora, Parawixia and Wagneriana), “Backobourkiines” (Acroaspis, Backobourkia, Carepalxis, Novakiella, Parawixia, Plebs, Singa and three new genera), “Argiopines” (Arachnura, Acusilas, Argiope, Cyrtophora, Gea, Lariniaria and Mecynogea), “Cyrtarachnines” (Aranoethra, Cyrtarachne, Paraplectana, Pasilobus and Poecilopachys), “Mastophorines” (Celaenia, Exechocentrus and Mastophora,), “Nuctenines” (Larinia, Larinioides and Nuctenea), “Zealaraneines” (Colaranea, Cryptaranea, Paralarinia, Zealaranea and two new genera) and “Gasteracanthines” (Augusta, Acrosomoides, Austracantha, Gasteracantha, Isoxya, Macracantha, Madacantha, Parmatergus and Thelacantha). Few of these groups are currently corroborated by morphology, behaviour, natural history or biogeography. We also include the large genus Araneus, along with Aculepeira, Agalenatea, Anepsion, Araniella, Cercidia, Chorizopes, Cyclosa, Dolophones, Eriovixia, Eustala, Gibbaranea, Hingstepeira, Hypognatha, Kaira, Larinia, Mangora, Metazygia, Metepeira, Neoscona, Paraplectanoides, Perilla, Poltys, Pycnacantha, Spilasma and Telaprocera, but the placement of these genera was generally ambiguous, except for Paraplectanoides, which is strongly supported as sister to traditional Nephilinae. Araneus, Argiope, Eriophora and Larinia are polyphyletic, Araneus implying nine new taxa of genus rank, and Eriophora and Larinia two each. In Araneus and Eriophora, polyphyly was usually due to north temperate generic concepts being used as dumping grounds for species from southern hemisphere regions, e.g. South‐East Asia, Australia or New Zealand. Although Araneidae is one of the better studied spider families, too little natural history and/or morphological data are available across these terminals to draw any strong evolutionary conclusions. However, the classical orb web is reconstructed as plesiomorphic for Araneidae, with a single loss in “cyrtarachnines”–“mastophorines”. Web decorations (collectively known as stabilimenta) evolved perhaps five times. Sexual dimorphism generally results from female body size increase with few exceptions; dimorphic taxa are not monophyletic and revert to monomorphism in a few cases.

中文翻译：

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圆蛛科蜘蛛科（Araneidae：Araneoidea）的系统发育

我们基于 158 个分类群的五个基因（28S、18S、COI、H3 和 16S）提出了蜘蛛科蜘蛛科的新系统发育，这些基因由我们鉴定并主要测序。这包括代表亚科 Zygiellinae Simon（1929 年）、Nephilinae Simon（1894 年）的 25 个外群和 133 个蛛形纲内群，以及典型的蛛形纲，这里非正式地命名为“ARA Clade”。这里分析的蛛形纲动物属包括目前所有命名的蛛形纲动物物种的大约 90%。ARA Clade 是本次分析的主要焦点。在分类学上，外群包括22属11科，内群包括3个Zygiellinae和4个Nephilinae属，以及85个ARA Clade属（10个新）。在 ARA Clade 中，我们识别出 10 个非正式群体，每个群体至少包含三个属，并在贝叶斯后验概率 (≥ 0.95) 下得到支持：目前很少有这些群体得到形态、行为、自然历史或生物地理学的证实。我们还包括大属 Araneus，以及 Aculepeira、Agalenatea、Anepsion、Araniella、Cercidia、Chorizo​​pes、Cyclosa、Dolophones、Eriovixia、Eustala、Gibbaranea、Hingstepeira、Hypognatha、Kaira、Larinia、Mangora、Metazygia、Metepeira、Paralect、 Perilla、Poltys、Pycnacantha、Spilasma 和 Telaprocera，但这些属的位置通常不明确，除了 Paraplectanoides，它被强烈支持为传统 Nephilinae 的姐妹。Araneus、Argiope、Eriophora 和 Larinia 是多系的，Araneus 意味着九个新的属等级分类群，Eriophora 和 Larinia 各有两个。在 Araneus 和 Eriophora 中，polyphyly 通常是由于北温带的一般概念被用作南半球地区物种的倾倒场，例如东南亚、澳大利亚或新西兰。尽管蜘蛛科是研究得较好的蜘蛛科之一，但这些终端的自然历史和/或形态数据太少，无法得出任何强有力的进化结论。然而，经典的球网被重建为蜘蛛科的拟形网络，在“cyrtarachnines”-“mastophorines”中有一个损失。网络装饰（统称为 stabilimenta）可能进化了五次。性别二态性通常是由女性体型增加引起的，很少有例外；双态分类群不是单系的，在少数情况下会恢复为单态。尽管蜘蛛科是研究得较好的蜘蛛科之一，但这些终端的自然历史和/或形态数据太少，无法得出任何强有力的进化结论。然而，经典的球网被重建为蜘蛛科的拟形网络，在“cyrtarachnines”-“mastophorines”中有一个损失。网络装饰（统称为 stabilimenta）可能进化了五次。性别二态性通常是由女性体型增加引起的，很少有例外；双态分类群不是单系的，在少数情况下会恢复为单态。尽管蜘蛛科是研究得较好的蜘蛛科之一，但这些终端的自然历史和/或形态数据太少，无法得出任何强有力的进化结论。然而，经典的球网被重建为蜘蛛科的拟形网络，在“cyrtarachnines”-“mastophorines”中有一个损失。网络装饰（统称为 stabilimenta）可能进化了五次。性别二态性通常是由女性体型增加引起的，很少有例外；双态分类群不是单系的，在少数情况下会恢复为单态。在“cyrtarachnines”-“mastophorines”中有一个损失。网络装饰（统称为 stabilimenta）可能进化了五次。性别二态性通常是由女性体型增加引起的，很少有例外；双态分类群不是单系的，在少数情况下会恢复为单态。在“cyrtarachnines”-“mastophorines”中有一个损失。网络装饰（统称为 stabilimenta）可能进化了五次。性别二态性通常是由女性体型增加引起的，很少有例外；双态分类群不是单系的，在少数情况下会恢复为单态。