This study examines the convergence hypothesis of per capita ecological footprint (PCEF) and per capita carbon footprint (PCCF) for a sample of 77 countries covering the period 1961–2014. In particular, we study whether countries are moving toward a common steady-state equilibrium condition or converging into different groups. To do so, this study used the Phillips and Sul technique. The results do not support the convergence of full sample or similar environmental quality; instead, we find two different steady-state (or club convergence) equilibriums for PCEF and PCCF. Further, our results show that countries which have the lowest PCEF and PCCF are converging (growing) faster than those countries which have the highest PCEF and PCCF. Finally, the speed of convergence of PCEF for club 1 is noted at around 0.126% while for club 2, it is 0.165%. Hence, the climate change policies need to be designed by following the club convergence of the sample countries.

这项研究检验了人均生态足迹（PCEF）和人均碳足迹（PCCF）的融合假设，该样本涵盖了1961-2014年期间的77个国家。尤其是，我们研究了国家是在朝着共同的稳态平衡条件发展还是趋向不同的群体。为此，本研究使用了Phillips and Sul技术。结果不支持全部样本或类似环境质量的收敛；相反，我们为PCEF和PCCF找到了两个不同的稳态（或俱乐部收敛）平衡。此外，我们的结果表明，PCEF和PCCF最低的国家的融合（增长）速度快于PCEF和PCCF最高的国家。最后，俱乐部1的PCEF收敛速度约为0.126％，而俱乐部2的PCEF收敛速度为0.165％。