We report here the occurrence of petrified wood resembling the modern dipterocarp Dryobalanops from the Neogene (late Miocene) of the Bengal Basin, India. We have determined the taxonomic position by comparing its anatomical features with similar extant and fossil specimens and have finally identified this late Miocene wood as Dryobalanoxylon neosumatrense. The record of this new member of Dipterocarpaceae indicates that it was present in a tropical, warm and humid eastern India during the late Miocene. Considering all earlier fossil records of Dryobalanops we suggest that this taxon was a common forest element in Asia during Neogene-Quaternary time. We also review in detail the biogeographic history of this taxon and suggest a possible migration route.

我们在此报告了印度孟加拉盆地新近纪（中新世晚期）类似于现代二龙果Dryobalanops的石化木材的发生。通过与类似的现存和化石标本的解剖学特征进行比较，我们确定了分类学的位置，并最终确定了该中新世晚期木材为Dryobalanoxylon neosumatrense。龙脑香科这一新成员的记录表明，它在中新世晚期存在于印度东部热带，温暖和潮湿的地方。考虑到Dryobalanops的所有早期化石记录，我们建议在新近纪至第四纪这个分类单元是亚洲常见的森林元素。我们还将详细审查该分类单元的生物地理历史，并提出可能的迁移途径。