Abstract Rhamnolipid is known for its potential for degradation of various harmful and toxic contaminants. However, there is a lack of reports of their effects on different biological systems. Hence, the present study focuses on the assessment of rhamnolipid mixture for their biocompatibility nature. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies on the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) and rabbit skin surface respectively showed that the crude rhamnolipid mixture exhibits a nontoxic behavior (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed with Aedesalbo pictus larvae. However, studies on monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds showed the toxic behavior of rhamnolipids above their critical micelle concentration values (5–200 mg.L − 1). The antimicrobial property with respect to bacteria was found to be more prominent toward Gram positive (0.5 ± 0.5 mg.L − 1) compared to Gram negative bacteria (2.0 ± 0.7 mg.L − 1) and it was least in case of fungi (2.0 ± 0.2 mg.L − 1). The present study opens up a possibility to study the effects of rhamnolipids on the flora and fauna existing at the site of their application to ensure that it effectively remediates the environment without causing any harm to the on-site living systems. Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

---

鼠李糖脂在生物修复过程中对污染现场不同生物系统的生物相容性自然影响

摘要 鼠李糖脂以其降解各种有害和有毒污染物的潜力而闻名。然而，缺乏关于它们对不同生物系统影响的报告。因此，本研究的重点是评估鼠李糖脂混合物的生物相容性。分别对小鼠成纤维细胞系 (L929) 和兔皮肤表面的体外和体内毒性研究表明，粗鼠李糖脂混合物表现出无毒行为 (p < 0.05)。用 Aedesalbo pictus 幼虫观察到类似的结果。然而，对单子叶和双子叶种子的研究表明，鼠李糖脂在其临界胶束浓度值 (5–200 mg.L − 1) 以上时具有毒性。发现对细菌的抗菌特性对革兰氏阳性 (0.5 ± 0.5 mg. L - 1) 与革兰氏阴性细菌 (2.0 ± 0.7 mg.L - 1) 相比，在真菌 (2.0 ± 0.2 mg.L - 1) 的情况下最低。本研究为研究鼠李糖脂对其应用现场的动植物群的影响开辟了可能性，以确保它有效地修复环境而不会对现场的生物系统造成任何伤害。图形概要